@article{fdi:010012152,
  title = {{I}nternational indoor and outdoor evaluation of {B}acillus sphaericus products : complexity of standardizing outdoor protocols},
  author = {{T}hiery, {I}. and {B}aldet, {T}hierry and {B}arbazan, {P}hilippe and {B}ecker, {N}. and {J}unginger, {B}. and {M}as, {J}.{P}. and {M}oulinier, {C}. and {N}epstad, {K}. and {O}rduz, {S}. and {S}in{\`e}gre, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}nly one #{B}acillus sphaericus$ strain, strain 2362, is currently used commercially to control #{C}ulex$ larval populations. {A} reliable methodology, easily used, was developed to identify new strains for field application. {L}arvicidal activities of 3 highly mosquitocidal strains, strains {C}3-41, {M}al, and {LB}24, previously selected in the laboratory, were compared with that of strain 2362 in tropical and {E}uropean countries. {T}he following steps were performed : production and titration of acetonic powders from these 4 strains on local #{C}ulex$ species, survey of initial and residual activity under standardized indoor and outdoor conditions, and evaluation of the efficacity of liquid formulations of the 4 strains in natural breeding sites of #{C}ulex$. {I}n indoor conditions, strain {C}3-41 showed the highest activity on both #{C}ulex pipiens$ and #{C}ulex quinquefasciatus$; strain {M}al was the least active. {T}he residual activity causing 80% mortality differed from 20 to 90 days according to the strains and the country. {O}utdoor experiments with powder (0,02-1,6 mg/liter) were performed and the initial toxicities were similar in all cases. {R}esidual activities were different, from 6 to 95 days posttreatment. {L}iquid formulations were applied to larval habitats (from 0,1 to 10 g/m2). {I}n tropical countries, larval recolonization in cesspits or ponds occured after 10-35 days. {I}n {E}urope, higher doses were needed in polluted water than in clear water (from 3 to 10 liter/ha) for the same control, and the time before 80% residual activity was reached was less than 9-12 days. {H}owever, in cesspits, residual activity could be observed for 12 days to 5 mo. {A} strain 3-5 times more active than the others in bioassays is not significantly detectable from those strains in field trials. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{INSECTICIDE} {BIOLOGIQUE} ; {EFFICACITE} ; {SOUCHE} ; {ETUDE} {COMPARATIVE} ; {PROTOCOLE} ; {POPULATION} {LARVAIRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {A}merican {M}osquito {C}ontrol {A}ssociation},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {218--226},
  ISSN = {8756-971{X}},
  year = {1997},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010012152},
}