Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Ambio 1078-1089 Adaptive management Flying-fox Harvest sustainability Hunters' survey Population viability analysis Pteropus NOUVELLE CALEDONIE 2022 PAR00023382 ENG Ambio 0044-7447 ISI:000705768900003 10.1007/s13280-021-01630-x https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/PAR00023382 51 Horizon (IRD) Hunting is a major threat to many species of wildlife. However, managing hunting systems to ensure their sustainability requires a thorough demographic knowledge about the impact of hunting. Here we develop a framework integrating ecological, modelling and sociological data to achieve a sustainability assessment of flying-fox hunting in New Caledonia and assess the relative merits of alternative management policies. Using age-specific stochastic population models, we found that the current annual hunting rate [5.5-8.5%] is likely to lead to a severe decline (- 79%) of Pteropus populations over the next 30 years. However, a majority of hunters surveyed (60%) were willing to soften their practices, offering an opportunity for adaptive management. Recurrent temporary hunting ban (at least 1 year out of 2) in combination with protected areas (>= 25%) appears as the most effective and most accepted management option. Our integrative approach appears to be a promising method for ensuring that traditional hunting systems can remain sustainable in a rapidly changing world. 106 ; 080 ; 082 UR237 / UR250