@article{PAR00022532,
  title = {{I}cefield breezes : mesoscale diurnal circulation in the atmospheric boundary layer over an outlet of the {C}olumbia icefield, {C}anadian {R}ockies},
  author = {{C}onway, {J}. {P}. and {H}elgason, {W}. {D}. and {P}omeroy, {J}. {W}. and {S}icart, {J}ean-{E}mmanuel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}tmospheric boundary layer ({ABL}) dynamics over glaciers mediate the response of glacier mass balance to large-scale climate forcing. {D}espite this, very few {ABL} observations are available over mountain glaciers in complex terrain. {A}n intensive field campaign was conducted in {J}une 2015 at the {A}thabasca {G}lacier outlet of {C}olumbia {I}cefield in the {C}anadian {R}ockies. {O}bservations of wind and temperature profiles with novel kite and radio-acoustic sounding systems showed a well-defined mesoscale circulation developed between the glacier and snow-free valley in fair weather. {T}he typical vertical {ABL} structure above the glacier differed from that expected for "glacier winds"; strong daytime down-glacier winds extended through the lowest 200 m with no up-valley return flow aloft. {T}his structure suggests external forcing at mesoscale scales or greater and is provisionally termed an "icefield breeze." {A} wind speed maximum near the surface, characteristic of a "glacier wind," was only observed during night-time and one afternoon. {L}apse rates of air temperature down the glacier centerline show the interaction of down-glacier cooling driven by sensible heat loss into the ice, entrainment and periodic disruption and warming. {D}own-glacier cooling was weaker in "icefield breeze" conditions, while in "glacier wind" conditions, stronger down-glacier cooling enabled large increases in near-surface temperature on the lower glacier during periods of surface boundary layer ({SBL}) disruption. {T}hese results raise several questions, including the impact of {C}olumbia {I}cefield on the {ABL} and melt of {A}thabasca {G}lacier. {F}uture work should use these observations as a testbed for modeling spatio-temporal variations in the {ABL} and {SBL} within complex glaciated terrain.},
  keywords = {atmospheric boundary layer ; complex terrain ; diurnal winds ; glacier ; surface boundary layer ; surface lapse rates ; {CANADA} ; {ROCHEUSES} {CANADIENNES} ; {COLOMBIA} {GLACIERS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {A}tmospheres},
  volume = {126},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {e2020{JD}034225 [17 p.]},
  ISSN = {2169-897{X}},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1029/2020jd034225},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00022532},
}