@article{PAR00019728,
  title = {{T}he introduction of new hosts with human trade shapes the extant distribution of {T}oxoplasma gondii lineages},
  author = {{G}alal, {L}. and {S}arr, {A}. and {C}uny, {T}. and {B}rouat, {C}arine and {C}oulibaly, {F}. and {S}embene, {M}. and {D}iagne, {M}. and {D}iallo, {M}. and {S}ow, {A}. and {H}amidovic, {A}. and {P}lault, {N}. and {D}arde, {M}. {L}. and {A}jzenberg, {D}. and {M}ercier, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}oxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide occurrence, but the determinants of the current pattern in the geographical distribution of {T}. gondii lineages and strains remain poorly understood. {T}o test the influence of human trade on {T}. gondii populations, we conducted a population genetic study of 72 {T}. gondii animal isolates from {S}enegal, a {W}est {A}frican country in which the ongoing inland progress of invasive murine hosts (introduced in port cities of {S}enegal since the 16(th) century by {E}uropean sailors) is well described. {I}solates were mainly collected on free-range poultry, which are considered as relevant bioindicators of {T}. gondii strain diversity in the domestic environment. {S}ampling was conducted in two port cities of {S}enegal ({D}akar and {S}aint-{L}ouis) and in one inland region ({K}edougou). {P}opulation genetic analyses using 15 microsatellite markers revealed different patterns between port cities where lineages non-virulent for mice (type {II}, type {III}, and {A}frica 4) were predominant, and {K}edougou where the mouse-virulent {A}frica 1 lineage was the most common. {B}y considering the current spatial pattern in the inland progress of invasive rodents in {S}enegal, our results suggest that the invasive house mouse {M}us musculus domesticus counter-selects the {A}frica 1 lineage in the invaded areas. {T}he comparison of the microsatellite alleles of type {II} strains from {S}enegal to type {II} strains from other areas in {A}frica and {W}estern {E}urope, using discriminant analysis of principal components and {N}etwork analysis, point to a mainly {W}estern {E}uropean origin of the type {II} lineage in {S}enegal. {C}ollectively, these findings suggest that human-mediated intercontinental migrations of murine hosts are important vectors of {T}. gondii strains. {D}ifferential susceptibility of endemic and introduced murine hosts to various {T}. gondii strains probably determines the persistence of these strains in the environment, and therefore their availability for human and animal infection. {A}uthor summary {T}oxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide distribution and which can infects virtually all warm-blooded species, including human. {C}linical expression of human toxoplasmosis, as well as {T}. gondii strains diversity, exhibit contrasting patterns across geographic regions. {T}he determinants of this geographical structure are poorly understood, but a growing body of evidence supports an important role of human-mediated migrations of {T}. gondii hosts in the intercontinental dissemination of some parasite lineages. {T}he results of our study conducted in {S}enegal suggest that the invasive house mouse-which was introduced in the port cities of this country through maritime trade since colonial times-has a dramatic influence on the {T}. gondii populations of invaded areas. {T}his important {T}. gondii reservoir seems to be a vector for the intercontinental migrations of {T}. gondii. {I}n addition, it may have a role in the selection (or the counter-selection) of local {T}. gondii populations found in invaded areas. {T}his study provides insights into the mechanisms shaping {T}. gondii populations, thereby determining which strains will be available for human and animal infection.},
  keywords = {{SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {e0007435 [16p.]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0007435},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00019728},
}