HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance among Senegalese patients in the public health system Thiam, M. Diop-Ndiaye, H. Diouf, A. D. /Vidal, Nicole Ndiaye, O. Ndiaye, I. Ngom-Gueye, N. F. Diallo, S. Diongue, O. D. Camara, M. Seck, A. Mboup, S. Toure-Kane, C. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutations and genetic variability among Senegalese patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public health system. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 72 patients with suspected therapeutic failure. HIV-1 genotyping was performed with Viroseq HIV-1 Genotyping System v2.0 or the procedure developed by the ANRS AC11 resistance study group, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The median follow-up visit was at 40 (range, 12 to 123) months, and the median viral load was 4.67 (range, 3.13 to 6.94) log(10) copies/ml. The first-line therapeutic regimen was nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus efavirenz (EFV) or NRTIs plus nevirapine (NVP) (54/72 patients; 75%), and the second-line therapy was NRTIs plus a protease inhibitor (PI/r) (18/72; 25%). Fifty-five patients (55/72; 76.39%) had at least one drug resistance mutation. The drug resistance rates were 72.22 and 88.89% for the first-line and second-line ARTs, respectively. In NRTI mutations, thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) were found in 50.79% and the M184V mutation was found in 34.92% of the samples. For non-NRTI resistance, we noted a predominance of the K103N mutation (46.27%). For PI/r, several cases of mutations were found with a predominance of M46I and L76V/F at 24% each. The phylogenetic analysis revealed CRF02_AG as the predominant circulating recombinant form (43/72; 59.72%). We found a high prevalence of resistance mutations and a high rate of TAMs among Senegalese patients in the public health system. These findings emphasize the need to improve virological monitoring in resource-limited settings. 2013 text https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/PAR00010187 PAR00010187 Thiam M., Diop-Ndiaye H., Diouf A. D., Vidal Nicole, Ndiaye O., Ndiaye I., Ngom-Gueye N. F., Diallo S., Diongue O. D., Camara M., Seck A., Mboup S., Toure-Kane C.. HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance among Senegalese patients in the public health system. 2013, 51 (2), 578-584 EN SENEGAL