@article{PAR00009907,
  title = {{S}ubduction of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the northeast {A}tlantic},
  author = {{K}arleskind, {P}. and {L}evy, {M}. and {M}emery, {L}aurent},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{N}ortheast {A}tlantic mode waters ({NEAMW}) are formed by subduction in a region known to be a strong sink of atmospheric {CO}2. {T}his study investigates the biological and physical carbon pumps involved in this sink. {F}or that purpose, we estimate the annual transfer of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen from the surface into the ocean interior through {NEAMW} subduction. {O}ur estimates are based on a model simulation constrained with data collected during the {P}rogramme {O}cean {M}ultidisciplinaire {M}eso {E}chelle ({POMME}). {W}e found that subduction accounts for a large proportion of carbon export below the mixed layer in the {POMME} region (38 degrees {N}-45 degrees {N}, 16 degrees {W}-22 degrees {W}). {F}ifty percent of labile organic carbon is exported by the biological pump and 50% by subduction; 98% of the total carbon flux below the mixed layer is due to carbon subduction, essentially in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon and of more refractory dissolved organic matter. {T}his is because they are the dominant pools of carbon and are passing through the winter mixed-layer depth gradient that characterizes the region. {O}ur results emphasize that the net export of carbon represents a small fraction of the fluxes of carbon across the mixed layer through the processes of subduction and obduction. {M}oreover, our results indicate that {NEAMW} subduction occurs before the spring bloom. {T}his implies that {NEAMW} is mostly subducted with end-winter characteristics with, in particular, relatively high nutrient content. {T}his reflects a relative inefficiency in nutrient utilization and contrasts with subtropical mode waters, which are subducted during the bloom and are thus relatively poor in nutrients when they are subducted.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch-{O}ceans},
  volume = {116},
  numero = {},
  pages = {{C}02025},
  ISSN = {0148-0227},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1029/2010jc006446},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00009907},
}