@article{PAR00009434,
  title = {{P}athways to agroecological intensification of soil fertility management by smallholder farmers in the andean highlands},
  author = {{F}onte, {S}. {J}. and {V}anek, {S}. {J}. and {O}yarzun, {P}. and {P}arsa, {S}. and {Q}uintero, {D}. {C}. and {R}ao, {I}. {M}. and {L}avelle, {P}atrick},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}mall farmers in the high {A}ndes (>2500m) of {B}olivia, {E}cuador, and {P}eru face increasing threats to their livelihoods due to land degradation, climate change, and overall decreases in agricultural productivity. {T}he fragile nature of these agroecosystems and limited capacity of resource-poor farmers in the region to adopt the large-scale use of conventional fertilizer and pest control technologies suggest the need for agroecological intensification to restore soil functioning and ensure long-term sustainability in these systems. {T}his review addresses soil fertility decline from a management perspective and considers six basic approaches to enhance nutrient cycling, crop nutrient acquisition, and long-term productivity. {A} mass balance approach first defines basic boundaries for nutrient cycling and suggests that erosion control and identification of alternative nutrient sources (e.g., pen-urban wastes, rock phosphate) are critical for reversing negative nutrient budgets. {M}eanwhile, short-term nutrient dynamics could benefit greatly from improved management of organic residues in combination with low-level inorganic fertilizer applications. {T}here is also a need for greater understanding of soil physiochemical properties throughout much of the {A}ndes and the impacts of management. {S}imilarly, soil biological functioning is critical for successful agroecological intensification and there is great potential for both inoculative and management strategies to promote beneficial soil communities. {C}rop breeding for smallholder environments should complement strategies of agroecological intensification, taking advantage of high regional agrobiodiversity and experience from stress breeding programs in other regions. {F}inally, we suggest several means by which the spatial and temporal organization of farms may be improved to enhance overall agroecosystem function.},
  keywords = {{WATER}-{USE} {EFFICIENCY} ; {VOLCANIC} {ASH} {SOILS} ; {PHOSPHATE}-{SOLUBILIZING} ; {BACTERIA} ; {NITROGEN}-{USE} {EFFICIENCY} ; {HIGH} {TROPICAL} {ANDES} ; {GROWTH}-{PROMOTING} ; {RHIZOBACTERIA} ; {INTEGRATED} {NUTRIENT} {MANAGEMENT} ; {CONTOUR} {HEDGEROW} {SYSTEMS} ; 6 {POTATO} {GENOTYPES} ; {LAND}-{USE} {SYSTEMS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}dvances in {A}gronomy},
  volume = {116},
  numero = {},
  pages = {125--184},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1016/b978-0-12-394277-7.00004-x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00009434},
}