@article{PAR00008749,
  title = {{M}iddle {E}ocene rodents from {P}eruvian {A}mazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography},
  author = {{A}ntoine, {P}. {O}. and {M}arivaux, {L}. and {C}roft, {D}. {A}. and {B}illet, {G}. and {G}anerod, {M}. and {J}aramillo, {C}. and {M}artin, {T}. and {O}rliac, {M}. {J}. and {T}ejada, {J}. and {A}ltamirano, {A}. {J}. and {D}uranthon, {F}. and {F}anjat, {G}. and {R}ousse, {S}onia and {G}ismondi, {R}. {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he long-term isolation of {S}outh {A}merica during most of the {C}enozoic produced a highly peculiar terrestrial vertebrate biota, with a wide array of mammal groups, among which caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates are {M}id-{C}enozoic immigrants. {I}n the absence of indisputable pre-{O}ligocene {S}outh {A}merican rodents or primates, the mode, timing and biogeography of these extraordinary dispersals remained debated. {H}ere, we describe {S}outh {A}merica's oldest known rodents, based on a new diverse caviomorph assemblage from the late {M}iddle {E}ocene (approx. 41 {M}a) of {P}eru, including five small rodents with three stem caviomorphs. {I}nstead of being tied to the {E}ocene/{O}ligocene global cooling and drying episode (approx. 34 {M}a), as previously considered, the arrival of caviomorphs and their initial radiation in {S}outh {A}merica probably occurred under much warmer and wetter conditions, around the {M}id-{E}ocene {C}limatic {O}ptimum. {O}ur phylogenetic results reaffirm the {A}frican origin of {S}outh {A}merican rodents and support a trans-{A}tlantic dispersal of these mammals during {M}iddle {E}ocene times. {T}his discovery further extends the gap (approx. 15 {M}yr) between first appearances of rodents and primates in {S}outh {A}merica.},
  keywords = {{S}outh {A}merica ; {H}ystricognathi ; {M}id-{E}ocene climatic optimum ; phylogeny ; {P}latyrrhini},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {R}oyal {S}ociety {B}-{B}iological {S}ciences},
  volume = {279},
  numero = {1732},
  pages = {1319--1326},
  ISSN = {0962-8452},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1098/rspb.2011.1732},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00008749},
}