@article{PAR00008680,
  title = {{C}ross-species transmission of simian retroviruses : how and why they could lead to the emergence of new diseases in the human population},
  author = {{L}ocatelli, {S}abrina and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {HIV}-1 group {M} epidemic illustrates the extraordinary impact and consequences resulting from a single zoonotic transmission. {E}xposure to blood or other secretions of infected animals, through hunting and butchering of bushmeat, or through bites and scratches inflicted by pet nonhuman primates ({NHP}s), represent the most plausible source for human infection with simian immunodeficiency virus ({SIV}), simian {T}-cell lymphotropic virus ({STLV}) and simian foamy virus. {T}he chance for cross-species transmissions could increase when frequency of exposure and retrovirus prevalence is high. {A}ccording to the most recent data, human exposure to {SIV} or {STLV} appears heterogeneous across the {A}frican countries surveyed. {E}xposure is not sufficient to trigger disease: viral and host molecular characteristics and compatibility are fundamental factors to establish infection. {A} successful species jump is achieved when the pathogen becomes transmissible between individuals within the new host population. {T}o spread efficiently, {HIV} likely required changes in human behavior. {G}iven the increasing exposure to {NHP} pathogens through hunting and butchering, it is likely that {SIV} and other simian viruses are still transmitted to the human population. {T}he behavioral and socio-economic context of the twenty-first century provides favorable conditions for the emergence and spread of new epidemics. {T}herefore, it is important to evaluate which retroviruses the human population is exposed to and to better understand how these viruses enter, infect, adapt and spread to its new host.},
  keywords = {{A}frica ; cross-species transmission ; emerging disease ; non-human primate ; simian foamy virus ; simian immunodeficiency virus ; simian {T}-cell ; lymphotropic virus},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}ids},
  volume = {26},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {659--673},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0b013e328350fb68},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00008680},
}