@article{PAR00008268,
  title = {{H}idden sylvatic foci of the main vector of {C}hagas {D}isease {T}riatoma infestans : threats to the vector elimination campaign ?},
  author = {{C}eballos, {L}. {A}. and {P}iccinali, {R}. {V}. and {M}arcet, {P}. {L}. and {V}azquez-{P}rokopec, {G}. {M}. and {C}ardinal, {M}. {V}. and {S}chachter-{B}roide, {J}. and {D}ujardin, {J}ean-{P}ierre and {D}otson, {E}. {M}. and {K}itron, {U}. and {G}urtler, {R}. {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {E}stablishing the sources of reinfestation after residual insecticide spraying is crucial for vector elimination programs. {T}riatoma infestans, traditionally considered to be limited to domestic or peridomestic (abbreviated as {D}/{PD}) habitats throughout most of its range, is the target of an elimination program that has achieved limited success in the {G}ran {C}haco region in {S}outh {A}merica. {M}ethodology/{P}rincipal {F}indings: {D}uring a two-year period we conducted semi-annual searches for triatomine bugs in every {D}/{PD} site and surrounding sylvatic habitats after full-coverage spraying of pyrethroid insecticides of all houses in a well-defined rural area in northwestern {A}rgentina. {W}e found six low-density sylvatic foci with 24 {T}. infestans in fallen or standing trees located 110-2,300 m from the nearest house or infested {D}/{PD} site detected after insecticide spraying, when house infestations were rare. {A}nalysis of two mitochondrial gene fragments of 20 sylvatic specimens confirmed their species identity as {T}. infestans and showed that their composite haplotypes were the same as or closely related to {D}/{PD} haplotypes. {P}opulation studies with 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and wing geometric morphometry consistently indicated the occurrence of unrestricted gene flow between local {D}/{PD} and sylvatic populations. {M}itochondrial {DNA} and microsatellite sibship analyses in the most abundant sylvatic colony revealed descendents from five different females. {S}patial analysis showed a significant association between two sylvatic foci and the nearest {D}/{PD} bug population found before insecticide spraying. {C}onclusions: {O}ur study shows that, despite of its high degree of domesticity, {T}. infestans has sylvatic colonies with normal chromatic characters (not melanic morphs) highly connected to {D}/{PD} conspecifics in the {A}rgentinean {C}haco. {S}ylvatic habitats may provide a transient or permanent refuge after control interventions, and function as sources for {D}/{PD} reinfestation. {T}he occurrence of sylvatic foci of {T}. infestans in the {G}ran {C}haco may pose additional threats to ongoing vector elimination efforts.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {5},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {e1365},
  ISSN = {1935-2727},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0001365},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00008268},
}