@article{PAR00006113,
  title = {{I}nfluence of weather conditions on the flight of migrating black storks},
  author = {{C}hevallier, {D}. and {H}andrich, {Y}. and {G}eorges, {J}. {Y}. and {B}aillon, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {B}rossault, {P}. and {A}urouet, {A}. and {L}e {M}aho, {Y}. and {M}assemin, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study tested the potential influence of meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, wind direction, thermal convection) on different migration characteristics (namely flight speed, altitude and direction and daily distance) in 16 black storks ({C}iconia nigra). {T}he birds were tracked by satellite during their entire autumnal and spring migration, from 1998 to 2006. {O}ur data reveal that during their 27-day-long migration between {E}urope and {A}frica (mean distance of 4100 km), the periods of maximum flight activity corresponded to periods of maximum thermal energy, underlining the importance of atmospheric thermal convection in the migratory flight of the black stork. {I}n some cases, tailwind was recorded at the same altitude and position as the birds, and was associated with a significant rise in flight speed, but wind often produced a side azimuth along the birds' migratory route. {W}hatever the season, the distance travelled daily was on average shorter in {E}urope than in {A}frica, with values of 200 and 270 km d(-1), respectively. {T}he fastest instantaneous flight speeds of up to 112 km h(-1) were also observed above {A}frica. {T}his observation confirms the hypothesis of thermal-dependant flight behaviour, and also reveals differences in flight costs between {E}urope and {A}frica. {F}urthermore, differences in food availability, a crucial factor for black storks during their flight between {E}urope and {A}frica, may also contribute to the above-mentioned shift in daily flight speeds.},
  keywords = {endangered species ; black stork ; satellite tracking ; migration ; meteorological conditions},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {R}oyal {S}ociety {B} - {B}iological {S}ciences},
  volume = {277},
  numero = {1695},
  pages = {2755--2764},
  ISSN = {0962-8452},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1098/rspb.2010.0422},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00006113},
}