@article{PAR00002828,
  title = {{I}nterannual-to-decadal variability of {N}orth {A}tlantic air-sea {CO}2 fluxes},
  author = {{R}aynaud, {S}. and {O}rr, {J}.{C}. and {A}umont, {O}livier and {R}odgers, {K}.{B}. and {Y}iou, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he magnitude of the interannual variability of {N}orth {A}tlantic air-sea {CO}<sub>2</sub> fluxes remains uncertain. {I}nterannual extremes simulated by atmospheric inverse approaches are typically about ±0.3 {P}g {C} yr<sup>-1</sup>, whereas those from ocean models are less than ±0.1 {P}g {C} yr<sup>-1</sup>. {T}hus variability in the {N}orth {A}tlantic is either about 60% or less than 20% of the global variability of about ±0.5 {P}g {C} yr<sup>-1</sup> (as estimated by both approaches). {H}ere we explore spatiotemporal variability within the {N}orth {A}tlantic basin of one ocean model in order to more fully describe potential counteracting trends in different regions that may explain why basin-wide variability is small relative to global-scale variability. {T}ypical atmospheric inverse approaches separate the {N}orth {A}tlantic into at most a few regions and thus cannot properly simulate such counteracting effects. {F}or this study, two simulations were made with a biogeochemical model coupled to a global ocean general circulation model ({OGCM}), which itself was forced by 55-year {NCEP} reanalysis fields. {I}n the first simulation, atmospheric {CO}<sub>2</sub> was maintained at the preindustrial level (278 ppmv); in the second simulation, atmospheric {CO}<sub>2</sub> followed the observed increase. {S}imulated air-sea {CO}<sub>2</sub> fluxes and associated variables were then analysed with a statistical tool known as multichannel singular spectrum analysis ({MSSA}). {W}e found that the subtropical gyre is not the largest contributor to the overall, basin-wide variability, in contrast to previous suggestions. {T}he subpolar gyre and the inter-gyre region (the transition area between subpolar and subtropical gyres) also contribute with multipolar anomalies at multiple frequencies: these tend to cancel one another in terms of the basin-wide air-sea {CO}<sub>2</sub> flux. {W}e found a strong correlation between the air-sea {CO}<sub>2</sub> fluxes and the {N}orth {A}tlantic {O}scillation ({NAO}), but only if one takes into account time lags as does {MSSA} (maximum #r$=0.64 for lags between 1 and 3 years). {T}he effect of increasing atmospheric {CO}<sub>2</sub> (the anthropogenic perturbation) on total variability was negligible at interannual time scales, whereas at the decadal (13-year) time scale, it increased variability by 30%.},
  keywords = {{ATLANTIQUE} {NORD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{O}cean {S}cience},
  volume = {2},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {43--60},
  year = {2006},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00002828},
}