@article{PAR00002403,
  title = {{I}ntensity of intestinal infection with multiple worm species is related to regulatory cytokine output and immune hyporesponsiveness},
  author = {{T}urner, {J}. {D}. and {J}ackson, {J}. {A}. and {F}aulkner, {H}. and {B}ehnke, {J}. and {E}lse, {K}. {J}. and {K}amgno, {J}. and {B}oussinesq, {M}ichel and {B}radley, {J}. {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ncreasing immunological dysfunction (atopy and autoimmunity) in western society may be linked to changes in undetermined environmental agents. {W}e hypothesize that increased exposure to multiple gut worm species promotes stronger immunological regulation. {W}e report here that {A}frican children constitutively secrete more immunoregulatory cytokines (interleukin [{IL}]-10 and transforming growth factor [{TGF}]-beta 1) under conditions of hyperendemic exposure to the intestinal nematodes {A}scaris lumbricoides and {T}richuris trichiura, compared with conditions of mesoendemic exposure. {U}nder conditions of hyperendemic exposure, estimators of combined intestinal nematode infection level relate positively to combined constitutive {IL}-10 and {TGF}-beta 1 production and negatively to total immune reactivity (determined as {IL}-4, interferon-gamma, and cellular proliferative responses to {A}scaris or {T}richuris helminth antigens, {S}treptococcus pneumoniae bacterial antigen, or the mitogen phytohemaglutinin). {T}otal immune reactivity and anti-inflammatory cytokine production relate inversely. {O}ur data suggest that gut nematodes are important mediators of immunoregulation.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {197},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {1204--1212},
  ISSN = {0022-1899},
  year = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1086/586717},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00002403},
}