@article{PAR00001897,
  title = {{A}daptation of {HIV}-1 to its human host},
  author = {{W}ain, {L}. {V}. and {B}ailes, {E}. and {B}ibollet {R}uche, {F}. and {D}ecker, {J}. {M}. and {K}eele, {B}. {F}. and {V}an {H}euverswyn, {F}. and {L}i, {Y}. {Y}. and {T}akehisa, {J}. and {N}gole, {E}. {M}. and {S}haw, {G}. {M}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {H}ahn, {B}. {H}. and {S}harp, {P}. {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{H}uman immunodeficiency virus type {I} ({HIV}- {I}) originated from three independent cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency virus ({S}l{V}cpz{P}tt) infecting chimpanzees ({P}an troglodytes troglodytes) in west central {A}frica, giving rise to pandemic (group {M}) and non-pandemic (groups {N} and 0) clades of {HIV}-1. {T}o identify host-specific adaptations in {HIV}- {I} we compared the inferred ancestral sequences of {HIV}- {I} groups {M}, {N} and 0 to 12 full length genome sequences of {S}l{V}cpz{P}tt and four of the outlying but closely related {S}l{V}cpz{P}t.y (from {P}. t. schwehi irthii). {T}his analysis revealed a single site that was completely conserved among {S}l{V}cpz{P}tt strains but different (due to the sarne change) in all three groups of {HIV}-1. {T}his site, {G}ag-30, lies within p 17, the ga-encoded matrix protein. {I}t is {M}et in {S}l{V}cpz{P}tt, underwent a conservative replacement by {L}eu in one lineage of {S}l{V}cpz{P}ts but changed radically to {A}rg on all three lineages leading to {HIV}- 1. {D}uring subsequent diversification this site has been conserved as a basic residue ({A}rg or {L}ys) in most lineages of {HIV}- 1. {R}etrospective analysis revealed that {G}ag-30 had reverted to {M}et in a previous experiment in which {HIV}- {I} was passaged through chimpanzees. {T}o examine whether this substitution conferred a species specific growth advantage, we used site-directed mutagenesis to generate variants of these chimpanzee-adapted {HIV}-1 strains with {L}ys at {G}ag-30, and tested their replication in both human and chimpanzee {CD}4+ {T} lymphocytes. {R}emarkably, viruses encoding {M}et replicated to higher titers than viruses encoding {L}ys in chimpanzee {T} cells, but the opposite was found in human {T} cells. {T}aken together, these observations provide compelling evidence for host-specific adaptation during the emergence of {HIV}- {I} and identify the viral matrix protein as a modulator of viral fitness following transmission to the new human host.},
  keywords = {{HIV} 1 ; {SIV} ; matrix protein ; cross species transmission ; host specific adaptation},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}olecular {B}iology and {E}volution},
  volume = {24},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {1853--1860},
  ISSN = {0737-4038},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1093/molbev/msm110},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00001897},
}