@article{PAR00000585,
  title = {{C}entromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in {A}nopheles gambiae},
  author = {{S}tump, {A}. {D}. and {F}itzpatrick, {M}. {C}. and {L}obo, {N}. {F}. and {T}raore, {S}. and {S}agnon, {N}. {F}. and {C}ostantini, {C}. and {C}ollins, {F}. {H}. and {B}esansky, {N}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {M} and {S} molecular forms of {A}nopheles gambiae are undergoing speciation as they adapt to heterogeneities in the environment, spreading malaria in the process: {W}e hypothesized that their divergence despite gene flow is facilitated by reduced recombination at the centromeric (proximal) end of the {X} chromosome. {W}e sequenced introns from 22 {X} chromosome genes in {M} and {S} from two locations of {W}est {A}frica where the forms are sympatric. {G}enerally, in both forms nucleotide diversity was high distally, lower proximally, and very low nearest the centromere. {C}onversely, differentiation between the forms was virtually zero distally and very high proximally. {P}airwise comparisons to a close relative, the sibling species {A}nopheles arabiensis, demonstrated uniformly high divergence regardless of position along the {X} chromosome, suggesting that this pattern is not purely mechanical. {I}nstead, the pattern observed for {M} and {S} suggests the action of divergent natural selection countering gene flow only at the proximal end of the {X} chromosome, where recombination is reduced. {C}omparison of sites with fixed differences between {M} and {S} to the corresponding sites in {A}. arabiensis revealed that derived substitutions had been fixed in both forms, further supporting the hypothesis that both have been under selection. {T}hese derived substitutions are fixed in the two {W}est {A}frican samples and in samples of {S} from western and coastal {K}enya, suggesting that selection occurred before the forms expanded to their current ranges. {O}ur findings are consistent with a role for suppressed genetic recombination in speciation of {A}. gambiae.},
  keywords = {gene flow ; natural selection ; polymorphism ; recombination ; reproductive isolation},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {102},
  numero = {44},
  pages = {15930--15935},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2005},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.0508161102},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00000585},
}