@article{fdi:010087751,
  title = {{T}wo in vitro anthelmintic assays of four {P}araguayan medicinal plants for proof of concept of the role of polyphenols in their biological activities and {LC}-{HRMS} analysis},
  author = {{O}campos, {G}. {M}. and {N}umbay, {M}. {T}. and {H}addad, {M}ohamed and {A}mbassa, {L}. {M}. {M}. and {A}lvarenga, {N}. and {H}oste, {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{E}thnopharmacological relevance: {G}astrointestinal nematodes ({GIN}) control in small ruminants has relied on the systematic use of synthetic anthelmintics ({AH}), their effectiveness has been progressively decreasing due to the rise and diffusion of anthelmintic resistances. {T}he most prevalent genera affecting small ruminants were {H}ae-monchus spp. , and {T}richostrongylus spp. {T}he investigation of new anthelmintics in plants is a highly studied option, especially when it is linked to ethnobotanical knowledge and phenolic compounds. {T}he aims of our study: {F}our medicinal plants mentioned in traditional medicine were selected to evaluate their anthelmintic proprieties at different stages of the life cycle of {GIN}, namely: {K}yllinga odorata {V}alh., {C}assia occi-dentalis {L}., {A}rtemisia absinthium {L}, and {V}erbena litoralis {K}unth and to explore the role of polyphenols in the {AH} activity. {M}aterials and methods: {T}o evaluate the anthelmintic activity in this study, two models of {GIN} species, namely {H}aemonchus contortus ({H}c) and {T}richostrongylus colubriformis ({T}c) were selected and tested on two in vitro assays: 1) {L}arval {E}xsheathment {I}nhibition {A}ssay ({LEIA}) and, 2) {E}gg {H}atch {A}ssay ({EHA}). {T}o explore the role of tannins and polyphenols in {AH} activity by comparing the effects of {LEIA} and {EHA} with or without poly-vinylpolypyrrolidone ({PVPP}) and to characterize the phytochemical composition of the most active plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ({UHPLC}) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry ({HRMS}). {R}esults: {C}. occidentalis exhibited the highest activity on {LEIA} ({EC}50 = 250.42-41.80 mu g/m{L}) and {A}. absinthium on egg hatching processes ({EC}50 = 121.70-137.34 mu g/m{L}) in both species of {GIN}. {T}he inhibition in the development of eggs was from 67.70% to 96.36% on {H}. contortus , and from 78.87% to 99.65% on {T}. colubriformis. {A}t the maximal dose, {A}dditionally, it was observed that the {AH} on eggs varies according to the {GIN} species: on {H}. contortus the extracts tested blocked the formation of larvae {O}vicidal {E}ffect (% higher {OE}) and on {T}. colubriformis they blocked the appearance of {L}1 larvae, {L}arvae {F}ailing {E}closion (% higher {LFE}). {A}fter {PVPP}, a reduction in {AH} activity on {LEIA} and {EHA} was noted, especially with {C}. occidentalis (87.20-67.00% of larvae exsheathment, (p < 0.05) and 40.51-24.96% of egg hatching, (p > 0.05) of both parasite species. {N}ine putative features were identified using {HRMS} and {MS}/{MS} after addition of {PVPP}. {C}onclusions: {T}he present study demonstrated that {C}. occidentalis, {A}. absinthium, and {K}. odorata , which parts have been traditionally used as medicinal plants are a valuable source of active compounds with anthelmintic activity. {T}he medicinal use of these plants against {GIN} parasites was proven by in vitro analysis. {T}herefore exploration of the secondary metabolites of these plant extracts and testing of isolated fractions of active compounds under in vivo experiments are planned and represent a specific challenge for alternative drug research. {R}egarding the {PVPP}, in this study we hypotheses about the standard doses it was not able to completely absorb the polyphenols of extracts of {K}. odorata, {C}. occidentalis, and {A}. absinthium, which would lead to more studies to evaluate the role of this product in the absorption of phenolic compounds.},
  keywords = {{N}ematodes ; {H}aemonchus contortus ; {T}richostrongylus colubriformis ; {C}. occidentalis ; {K}. odorata ; {A}. absinthium ; {V}. litoralis ; {E}thnobotanical ; {T}raditional medicine ; {E}thnoveterinary ; {PARAGUAY}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {E}thnopharmacology},
  volume = {312},
  numero = {},
  pages = {116453 [9 ]},
  ISSN = {0378-8741},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jep.2023.116453},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087751},
}