@article{fdi:010087321,
  title = {{R}emote sensing of sea surface salinity from carols l-band radiometer in the gulf of {B}iscay},
  author = {{M}artin, {A}. and {B}outin, {J}. and {H}auser, {D}. and {R}everdin, {G}. and {P}arde, {M}. and {Z}ribi, {M}. and {F}anise, {P}ascal and {C}hanut, {J}. and {L}azure, {P}. and {T}enerelli, {J}. and {R}eul, {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} renewal of interest for the radiometric {L}-band {S}ea {S}urface {S}alinity ({SSS}) remote sensing appeared in the 1990s and led to the {S}oil {M}oisture and {O}cean {S}alinity ({SMOS}) satellite launched in {N}ovember 2009 and to the {A}quarius mission (launched in {J}une 2011). {H}owever, due to low signal to noise ratio, retrieving {SSS} from {L}-band radiometry is very challenging. {I}n order to validate and improve {L}-band radiative transfer model and salinity retrieval method used in {SMOS} data processing, the {C}ooperative {A}irborne {R}adiometer for {O}cean and {L}and {S}tudies ({CAROLS}) was developed. {W}e analyze here a coastal flight (20 {M}ay 2009), in the {G}ulf of {B}iscay, characterized by strong {SSS} gradients (28 to 35 pss-78). {E}xtensive in-situ measurements were gathered along the plane track. {B}rightness temperature ({T}-b) integrated over 800 ms correlates well with simulated {T}-b (correlation coefficients between 0.80 and 0.96; standard deviations of the difference of 0.2 {K}). {O}ver the whole flight, the standard deviation of the difference between {CAROLS} and in-situ {SSS} is about 0.3 pss-78 more accurate than {SSS} fields derived from coastal numerical model or objective analysis. {I}n the northern part of the flight, {CAROLS} and in-situ {SSS} agree. {I}n the southern part, the best agreement is found when using only {V}-polarization measured at 30 degrees incidence angle or when using a multiparameter retrieval assuming large error on {T}-b (suggesting the presence of biases on {H}-polarization). {W}hen compared to high-resolution model {SSS}, the {CAROLS} {SSS} underlines the high {SSS} temporal variability in river plume and on continental shelf border, and the importance of using realistic river run-offs for modeling coastal {SSS}.},
  keywords = {{L}-band ; microwave radiometry ; remote sensing ; retrieval method ; sea surface salinity ({SSS}) ; {S}oil {M}oisture and {O}cean {S}alinity ({SMOS}) ; wind speed},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{IEEE} {T}ransactions on {G}eoscience and {R}emote {S}ensing},
  volume = {50},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {1703--1715},
  ISSN = {0196-2892},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1109/tgrs.2012.2184766},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087321},
}