@article{fdi:010086497,
  title = {{I}nfluence of intensive agriculture and geological heterogeneity on the recharge of an arid aquifer system ({S}aq-{R}am, {A}rabian {P}eninsula) inferred from {GRACE} data},
  author = {{S}eraphin, {P}ierre and {G}oncalves, {J}. and {H}amelin, {B}. and {S}tieglitz, {T}homas and {D}eschamps, {P}ierre},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study assesses the detailed water budget of the {S}aq-{R}am {A}quifer {S}ystem (520 000 km(2)) over the 2002-2019 period using satellite gravity data from the {G}ravity {R}ecovery {A}nd {C}limate {E}xperiment ({GRACE}). {T}he three existing {GRACE} solutions were tested for their local compatibility to compute groundwater storage ({GWS}) variations in combination with the three soil moisture datasets available from the land surface models ({LSM}s) of the {G}lobal {L}and {D}ata {A}ssimilation {S}ystem ({GLDAS}). {A}ccounting for groundwater pumping, artificial recharge, and natural discharge uniformly distributed over the {S}aq-{R}am domain, the {GRACE}-derived mass balance calculation for water yields a long-term estimate of the domain-averaged natural recharge of (2.4 +/- 1.4) mm yr(-1), corresponding to (4.4 +/- 2.6) % of the annual average rainfall ({AAR}). {B}eyond the regional-scale approach proposed here, spatial heterogeneities regarding the groundwater recharge were identified. {T}he first source of heterogeneity is of anthropogenic origin: chiefly induced by irrigation excess over irrigated surfaces (about 1 % of the domain), artificial recharge corresponds to half of the total recharge of the aquifer. {T}he second source of recharge heterogeneity identified here is natural: volcanic lava deposits (called harrats on the {A}rabian {P}eninsula) which cover 8 % of the {S}aq-{R}am aquifer domain but contribute to more than 50 % of the natural recharge. {H}ence, in addition to this application on the {A}rabian {P}eninsula, this study strongly indicates a major control of geological context on arid aquifer recharge, which has been poorly discussed hitherto. {D}ue to large lag times of the diffuse recharge mechanism, the annual analysis using this {GRACE}-{GLDAS} approach in arid domains should be limited to areas where focused recharge is the main mechanism, while long-term analysis is valid regardless of the recharge mechanism. {M}oreover, it appears that about 15 years of {GRACE} records are required to obtain a relevant long-term recharge estimate.},
  keywords = {{JORDANIE} ; {ARABIE} {SAOUDITE} ; {ZONE} {ARIDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}ydrology and {E}arth {S}ystem {S}ciences},
  volume = {26},
  numero = {22},
  pages = {5757--5771},
  ISSN = {1027-5606},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.5194/hess-26-5757-2022},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086497},
}