@article{fdi:010086008,
  title = {{C}loud forcing of surface energy balance from in situ measurements in diverse mountain glacier environments},
  author = {{C}onway, {J}. {P}. and {A}bermann, {J}. and {A}ndreassen, {L}. {M}. and {A}zam, {M}. {F}. and {C}ullen, {N}. {J}. and {F}itzpatrick, {N}. and {G}iesen, {R}. {H}. and {L}angley, {K}. and {M}ac{D}onell, {S}. and {M}olg, {T}. and {R}adic, {V}. and {R}eijmer, {C}. {H}. and {S}icart, {J}ean-{E}mmanuel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}louds are an important component of the climate system, yet our understanding of how they directly and indirectly affect glacier melt in different climates is incomplete. {H}ere we analyse high-quality datasets from 16 mountain glaciers in diverse climates around the globe to better understand how relationships between clouds and near-surface meteorology, radiation and surface energy balance vary. {T}he seasonal cycle of cloud frequency varies markedly between mountain glacier sites. {D}uring the main melt season at each site, an increase in cloud cover is associated with increased vapour pressure and relative humidity, but relationships to wind speed are site specific. {A}t colder sites (average near-surface air temperature in the melt season <0 degrees {C}), air temperature generally increases with increasing cloudiness, while for warmer sites (average near-surface air temperature in the melt season >> 0 degrees {C}), air temperature decreases with increasing cloudiness. {A}t all sites, surface melt is more frequent in cloudy compared to clear-sky conditions. {T}he proportion of melt from temperature-dependent energy fluxes (incoming longwave radiation, turbulent sensible heat and latent heat) also universally increases in cloudy conditions. {H}owever, cloud cover does not affect daily total melt in a universal way, with some sites showing increased melt energy during cloudy conditions and others decreased melt energy. {T}he complex association of clouds with melt energy is not amenable to simple relationships due to many interacting physical processes (direct radiative forcing; surface albedo; and co-variance with temperature, humidity and wind) but is most closely related to the effect of clouds on net radiation. {T}hese results motivate the use of physics-based surface energy balance models for representing glacier-climate relationships in regional- and global-scale assessments of glacier response to climate change.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}ryosphere},
  volume = {16},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {3331--3356},
  ISSN = {1994-0416},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.5194/tc-16-3331-2022},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086008},
}