@article{fdi:010085890,
  title = {{F}orest destruction by 'a'(a)over-bar lava flow during {E}tna's 2002-03 eruption : mechanical, thermal, and environmental interactions},
  author = {{H}arris, {A}. and {M}annini, {S}. and {C}alabro, {L}. and {C}alvari, {S}. and {G}urioli, {L}. and {C}hevrel, {M}agdalena {O}ryaelle and {F}avalli, {M}. and {V}illeneuve, {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{F}orest destruction by 'a'(a) over bar lava flow is common. {H}owever, mechanical and thermal interactions between the invading lava and the invaded forest are poorly constrained. {W}e complete mapping, thermal image and sample analyses of a channel-fed 'a'(a) over bar lava flow system that invaded forest on the {NE} flank of {M}t. {E}tna ({I}taly) in 2002. {T}hese lava flows destroyed 231,000 trees, only 2% of which are still visible as felled trunks on the levees or at the channel-levee contact. {T}he remaining 98% were first felled by the flow front, with the trunks then buried by the flow. {R}are tree molds can be found at the rubble levee base where trees were buried by avalanching hot breccia and then burnt through, with a time scale for total combustion being a few days. {P}rotruding trunks fell away from the flow, if felled by blocks avalanching down the levee flank, or became aligned with the flow if falling onto the moving stream. {E}stimated cooling rates (0.1-5.5 degrees {C} km(-1)) are normal for well-insulated 'a'(a) over bar flow, suggesting no thermal interaction. {W}e find the highest phenocryst concentrations (of 50-60%, above an expected value of 30-40%) in low velocity (<0.5 m s(-1)) locations. {T}hese low velocity zones are also characterized by high trunk concentrations. {T}hus, the common factor behind crystal and trunk deposition is velocity. {T}hat is, when the lava slows down, crystal settling occurs and trunks are preferentially deposited. {T}hus, although we find no thermal or textural effects due to the presence of the forest, we do find mechanical and environmental interactions where the trees are consumed to become part of the flow.},
  keywords = {{C}hannelized 'a' (a)over-bar lava flow ; {F}orest interaction ; {T}ree molds ; {C}ooling rates ; {P}henocrysts ; {ITALIE} ;   ; {ETNA} {VOLCAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}olcanology and {G}eothermal {R}esearch},
  volume = {429},
  numero = {},
  pages = {107621 [13 ]},
  ISSN = {0377-0273},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107621},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085890},
}