@article{fdi:010085364,
  title = {{D}iagnosis of animal trypanosomoses : proper use of current tools and future prospects},
  author = {{D}esquesnes, {M}. and {S}azmand, {A}. and {G}onzatti, {M}. and {B}oulange, {A}. and {B}ossard, {G}. and {T}hevenon, {S}. and {G}imonneau, {G}. and {T}ruc, {P}hilippe and {H}erder, {S}t{\'e}phane and {R}avel, {S}ophie and {S}ereno, {D}enis and {W}aleckx, {E}tienne and {J}amonneau, {V}incent and {J}acquiet, {P}. and {J}ittapalapong, {S}. and {B}erthier, {D}. and {S}olano, {P}hilippe and {H}ebert, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}eliable diagnostic tools are needed to choose the appropriate treatment and proper control measures for animal trypanosomoses, some of which are pathogenic. {T}rypanosoma cruzi, for example, is responsible for {C}hagas disease in {L}atin {A}merica. {S}imilarly, pathogenic animal trypanosomoses of {A}frican origin ({ATAO}), including a variety of {T}rypanosoma species and subspecies, are currently found in {A}frica, {L}atin {A}merica and {A}sia. {ATAO} limit global livestock productivity and impact food security and the welfare of domestic animals. {T}his review focusses on implementing previously reviewed diagnostic methods, in a complex epizootiological scenario, by critically assessing diagnostic results at the individual or herd level. {I}n most cases, a single diagnostic method applied at a given time does not unequivocally identify the various parasitological and disease statuses of a host. {T}hese include "non-infected","asymptomatic carrier","sick infected","cured/not cured"and/or"multi-infected". {T}he diversity of hosts affected by these animal trypanosomoses and their vectors (or other routes of transmission) is such that integrative, diachronic approaches are needed that combine: (i) parasite detection, (ii) {DNA}, {RNA} or antigen detection and (iii) antibody detection, along with epizootiological information. {T}he specificity of antibody detection tests is restricted to the genus or subgenus due to cross-reactivity with other {T}rypanosoma spp. and {T}rypanosomatidae, but sensitivity is high. {T}he {DNA}-based methods implemented over the last three decades have yielded higher specificity and sensitivity for active infection detection in hosts and vectors. {H}owever, no single diagnostic method can detect all active infections and/or trypanosome species or subspecies. {T}he proposed integrative approach will improve the prevention, surveillance and monitoring of animal trypanosomoses with the available diagnostic tools. {H}owever, further developments are required to address specific gaps in diagnostic methods and the sustainable control or elimination of these diseases.},
  keywords = {{I}ntegrative trypanosomosis diagnosis ; {P}an-trypanosome {ELISA} ; {POCD} ; {PSR} ; {T}rypanosomosis ; {T}rypanosome ; {AFRIQUE} ; {ASIE} ; {AMERIQUE} {LATINE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {235 [22 ]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-022-05352-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085364},
}