@article{fdi:010084734,
  title = {{E}nrichment in biodiversity and maturation of the soil food web under conservation agriculture is associated with suppression of rice-parasitic nematodes},
  author = {{M}asson, {A}. {S}. and {V}ermeire, {M}. {L}. and {L}eng, {V}. and {S}imonin, {M}arie and {T}ivet, {F}. and {T}hi, {H}. {N}. and {B}runel, {C}aroline and {S}uong, {M}. and {K}uok, {F}. and {M}oulin, {L}ionel and {B}ellafiore, {S}t{\'e}phane},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}eloidogyne spp. and {H}irschmanniella spp. are among the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes ({PPN}s). {T}hey threaten rice production, the main staple food in {A}sia. {C}ropping systems that promote natural biocontrol and plant tolerance to diseases are put forward as sustainable solutions to protect rice from these pests. {I}n particular, cropping systems managed under conservation agriculture ({CA}) are promising because they improve soil health and functioning. {W}e investigated the effects of two cropping system components in a {C}ambodian field, (i) {CA} practices, i.e., no-tillage with a cover crop {S}tylosanthes guianensis (cv. {N}ina), versus conventional plow-based tillage with no cover crop, and (ii) using {IR}504, {IR}64, {A}zucena and {Z}honghua 11 rice varieties, on {PPN}s in roots and on communities (bacteria, fungi and nematodes) in the rhizosphere. {W}e used a sequencing approach via amplicon barcoding to target microbial marker genes (16 {S} and {ITS} r{RNA} gene) and a microscopic approach to identify and quantify nematodes in the rhizosphere compartment. {T}he variety had less effect than agricultural practices on the infection by {PPN}s and on the assembly of the three rhizosphere communities. {U}nder {CA}, the abundance of {PPN}s extracted from the roots was reduced by 88%. {S}oil quality was substantially improved (+83% of total {K}jeldahl nitrogen, +34% of available phosphorus, +10% of exchangeable potassium, +110% of soil organic carbon, +30% for the cation exchange capacity), thus providing more basal resources for microbial decomposers, especially fungi (+164% putative saprotrophs). {C}haracterization of the three rhizosphere communities revealed a shift in the structure associated with soil enrichment. {B}oth microbial richness (+3% for bacteria and +38% for fungi) and diversity ({S}hannon index, +11% for fungi and +5% for nematodes) increased. {T}he relative abundance of taxa was modified by {CA} with notably more mycorrhizal fungi (+329% {G}lomeromycota spp.) and fewer {P}ratylenchidae nematodes (-92% {H}irschmanniella spp.) in the rhizosphere. {T}he reassembly of the communities using {CA} was associated with regulation of {PPN} populations. {T}he reduction in {M}eloidogyne spp. abundance in roots (-64%) was correlated with the maturity of the food web (maturity index, +10% under {CA}) and with the increase in the relative abundance of omnivorous nematodes in the rhizosphere (+68% under {CA}). {S}even years of {CA} in this field enabled the whole soil food web to mature thus creating a favorable niche for potentially predatory nematodes and microbes antagonistic against {PPN}s. {T}his study confirms that {CA} is an alternative to nematicides to limit infection by {PPN}s in rice cropping systems.},
  keywords = {{R}ice-based cropping systems ; {S}oil microbiota ; {N}ematode community ; {P}est management practices ; {S}oil suppressiveness ; {T}rophic groups ; {CAMBODGE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}griculture {E}cosystems and {E}nvironment},
  volume = {331},
  numero = {},
  pages = {107913 [15 p.]},
  ISSN = {0167-8809},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.agee.2022.107913},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084734},
}