@article{fdi:010083169,
  title = {{T}he impact of measurement scale on the univariate statistics of {K}, {T}h, and {U} in the earth crust},
  author = {{B}aratoux, {D}avid and {F}all, {M}. and {M}eslin, {P}. {Y}. and {J}essell, {M}. {W}. and {V}anderhaeghe, {O}. and {M}oyen, {J}. {F}. and {N}diaye, {P}. {M}. and {B}oamah, {K}. and {B}aratoux, {L}enka and {A}ndre-{M}ayer, {A}. {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he univariate statistics of {P}otassium ({K}), thorium ({T}h), and uranium ({U}) concentrations, in the {E}arth's oceanic and continental crust are examined by different techniques. {T}he frequency distributions of the concentrations of these elements in the oceanic crust are derived from a global catalog of mid-ocean ridge basalts. {T}heir frequency distributions of concentrations in the continental crust are illustrated by the {N}orth {P}ilbara {C}raton, and the {W}est {A}frica {C}raton. {F}or these two cratons, the distributions of {K}, {T}h, and {U} derived from geochemical analyses of several thousand whole rock samples differ significantly from those derived from airborne radiometric surveys. {T}he distributions from airborne surveys tends to be more symmetric with smaller standard deviations than the right-skewed distributions inferred from whole rock geochemical analyses. {H}ypothetic causes of these differences include (a) bias in rock sampling or in airborne surveys, (b) the differences between the chemistry of superficial material and rocks, and (c) the differences in scales of measurements. {T}he scale factor, viewed as consequence of the central limit theorem applied to {K}, {T}h, and {U} concentrations, appears to account for most of the observed differences in the distributions of {K}, {T}h, and {U}. {I}t suggests that the three scales of auto-correlation of {K}, {T}h, and {U} concentrations are of the same order of magnitude as the resolution of the airborne radiometric surveys (50-200 m). {C}oncentrations of {K}, {T}h, and {U} are therefore generally heterogenous at smaller scales. {P}lain {L}anguage {S}ummary {P}otassium ({K}), thorium ({T}h), and uranium ({U}), termed together heat-producing elements ({HPE}) are commonly analyzed in {E}arth sciences, owing to their faculty to trace various geological processes. {T}he concentrations of these elements may be analyzed in rock samples, or mapped by airborne radiometric surveys (mapping of gamma ray emitted by {K}-40, {T}h-232, and {U}-238), which are very different techniques. {H}ere, we reveal that frequency distributions of {HPE} concentrations estimated from data sets build from these different techniques are different. {T}he possible causes of these differences, including possible biases in the data, and the large differences between measurement scales are investigated. {W}e conclude the scale factor and the heterogeneity of {HPE} at scales that are typically lower than the footprint of airborne radiometric surveys is the main factor controlling the shapes of the frequency distributions. {T}he evolution of asymmetric (right-skewed) frequency distributions toward normal distributions as a function of the sample size is a natural consequence of the {C}entral {L}imit {T}heorem.},
  keywords = {potassium ; uranium ; thorium ; geostatistics ; radiometrics ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {AUSTRALIE} ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}arth and {S}pace {S}cience},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {e2021{EA}001786 [16 ]},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1029/2021ea001786},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083169},
}