@article{fdi:010082828,
  title = {{D}etermining the microbial and chemical contamination in {E}cuador's main rivers},
  author = {{V}inueza, {D}. and {O}choa-{H}errera, {V}. and {M}aurice, {L}aurence and {T}amayo, {E}. and {M}ejia, {L}. and {T}ejera, {E}. and {M}achado, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}ne major health issue is the microbial and chemical contamination of natural freshwater, particularly in {L}atin {A}merican countries, such as {E}cuador, where it is still lacking wastewater treatment plants. {T}his study analyzed the water quality in twelve rivers of {E}cuador ({C}oastal, {A}ndean, and {A}mazonian regions). {A}ll rivers showed levels of {E}. coli and total coliforms above the maximum limit according to {I}nternational and {E}cuadorian legislations. {T}he most polluted rivers were {Z}amora, {E}smeraldas and {M}achangara. {A}lso, {E}. coli pathotypes were found in six rivers. {S}everal physicochemical and metal parameters were detected in high levels, such as {CODTOTAL} (in eight rivers), {TSS} (in six rivers), {TS} (in two rivers), {A}l (in nine rivers), {Z}n (in eight rivers), {P}b (in three rivers), {C}u (in three rivers), {F}e (in two rivers), and {M}n (in {M}achangara {R}iver). {O}ur results agree with other studies in {L}atin {A}merica (such as {C}olombia, {B}razil, and {P}eru) reporting similar contamination in water resources used for agriculture, livestock, and human consumption. {O}verall, {G}uayas, {G}uayllabamba, and {M}achangara {R}ivers showed the highest levels of physicochemical parameters (such as {CODTOTAL} and {TSS}) and metal concentrations (such as copper, zinc, aluminum, iron, and manganese). {F}urther studies should evaluate contamination sources and public health impact.},
  keywords = {{EQUATEUR} ; {GUAYAS} {COURS} {D}'{EAU} ; {GUAYLLABAMBA} {COURS} {D}'{EAU} ; {MACHANGARA} {COURS} {D}'{EAU} ; {ZAMORA} {COURS} {D}'{EAU} ; {ESMERALDAS} {COURS} {D}'{EAU}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {17640 [14 ]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-021-96926-z},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082828},
}