@article{fdi:010082319,
  title = {{P}arental selection for growth and early-life low stocking density increase the female-to-male ratio in {E}uropean sea bass},
  author = {{G}effroy, {B}. and {G}esto, {M}. and {C}lota, {F}. and {A}erts, {J}. and {D}arias, {M}aria {J}ose and {B}lanc, {M}. {O}. and {R}uelle, {F}. and {A}llal, {F}. and {V}andeputte, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {E}uropean sea bass ({D}icentrarchus labrax), as in many other fish species, temperature is known to influence the sex of individuals, with more males produced at relatively high temperatures. {I}t is however unclear to what extent growth or stress are involved in such a process, since temperature is known to influence both growth rate and cortisol production. {H}ere, we designed an experiment aiming at reducing stress and affecting early growth rate. {W}e exposed larvae and juveniles originating from both captive and wild parents to three different treatments: low stocking density, food supplemented with tryptophan and a control. {L}ow stocking density and tryptophan treatment respectively increased and decreased early growth rate. {E}ach treatment influenced the stress response depending on the developmental stage, although no clear pattern regarding the whole-body cortisol concentration was found. {D}uring sex differentiation, fish in the low-density treatment exhibited lower expression of gr1, gr2, mr, and crf in the hypothalamus when compared to the control group. {F}ish fed tryptophan displayed lower crf in the hypothalamus and higher level of serotonin in the telencephalon compared to controls. {O}verall, fish kept at low density produced significantly more females than both control and fish fed tryptophan. {P}arents that have been selected for growth for three generations also produced significantly more females than parents of wild origin. {O}ur findings did not allow to detect a clear effect of stress at the group level and rather point out a key role of early sexually dimorphic growth rate in sex determination.},
  keywords = {{EUROPE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {13620 [14 ]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-021-93116-9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082319},
}