@article{fdi:010082294,
  title = {{C}old and dry winter conditions are associated with greater {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 transmission at regional level in western countries during the first epidemic wave},
  author = {{L}andier, {J}ordi and {P}aireau, {J}. and {R}ebaudet, {S}. and {L}egendre, {E}. and {L}ehot, {L}. and {F}ontanet, {A}. and {C}auchemez, {S}. and {G}audart, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{H}igher transmissibility of {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 in cold and dry weather conditions has been hypothesized since the onset of the {COVID}-19 pandemic but the level of epidemiological evidence remains low. {D}uring the first wave of the pandemic, {S}pain, {I}taly, {F}rance, {P}ortugal, {C}anada and {USA} presented an early spread, a heavy {COVID}-19 burden, and low initial public health response until lockdowns. {I}n a context when testing was limited, we calculated the basic reproduction number ({R}-0) in 63 regions from the growth in regional death counts. {A}fter adjusting for population density, early spread of the epidemic, and age structure, temperature and humidity were negatively associated with {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 transmissibility. {A} reduction of mean absolute humidity by 1 g/m(3) was associated with a 0.15-unit increase of {R}-0. {B}elow 10 degrees {C}, a temperature reduction of 1 degrees {C} was associated with a 0.16-unit increase of {R}-0. {O}ur results confirm a dependency of {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 transmissibility to weather conditions in the absence of control measures during the first wave. {T}he transition from summer to winter, corresponding to drop in temperature associated with an overall decrease in absolute humidity, likely contributed to the intensification of the second wave in north-west hemisphere countries. {N}on-pharmaceutical interventions must be adjusted to account for increased transmissibility in winter conditions.},
  keywords = {{ESPAGNE} ; {ITALIE} ; {FRANCE} ; {PORTUGAL} ; {CANADA} ; {ETATS} {UNIS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {12756 [13 ]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-021-91798-9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082294},
}