@article{fdi:010082286,
  title = {{S}erological biomarker for assessing human exposure to {A}edes mosquito bites during a randomized vector control intervention trial in northeastern {T}hailand},
  author = {{F}ustec, {B}{\'e}n{\'e}dicte and {P}hanitchat, {T}. and {A}romseree, {S}. and {P}ientong, {C}. and {T}haewnongiew, {K}. and {E}kalaksananan, {T}. and {C}erqueira, {D}. and {P}oinsignon, {A}nne and {E}lguero, {E}ric and {B}angs, {M}. {J}. and {A}lexander, {N}. and {O}vergaard, {H}. {J}. and {C}orbel, {V}incent},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {A}edes mosquitoes are vectors for several major arboviruses of public health concern including dengue viruses. {T}he relationships between {A}edes infestation and disease transmission are complex wherein the epidemiological dynamics can be difficult to discern because of a lack of robust and sensitive indicators for predicting transmission risk. {T}his study investigates the use of anti-{A}edes saliva antibodies as a serological biomarker for {A}edes mosquito bites to assess small scale variations in adult {A}edes density and dengue virus ({DENV}) transmission risk in northeastern {T}hailand. {I}ndividual characteristics, behaviors/occupation and socio-demographics, climatic and epidemiological risk factors associated with human-mosquito exposure are also addressed. {M}ethods {T}he study was conducted within a randomized clustered control trial in {R}oi {E}t and {K}hon {K}aen provinces over a consecutive 19 months period. {T}hirty-six (36) clusters were selected, each of ten houses. {S}erological and entomological surveys were conducted in all houses every four months and monthly in three sentinel households per cluster between {S}eptember 2017 and {A}pril 2019 for blood spot collections and recording concurrent immature and adult {A}edes indices. {A}dditionally, the human exposure to {A}edes mosquito bites (i.e., {M}osquito {E}xposure {I}ndex or {MEI}) was estimated by {ELISA} measuring levels of human antibody response to the specific {N}term-34 k{D}a salivary antigen. {T}he relationships between the {MEI}, vector infestation indices (adult and immature stages) and vector {DENV} infection were evaluated using a two-level (house and individual levels) mixed model analysis with one-month lag autoregressive correlation. {R}esults {T}here was a strong positive relationship between the {MEI} and adult {A}edes (indoor and outdoor) density. {I}ndividuals from households with a medium mosquito density (mean difference: 0.091, p<0.001) and households with a high mosquito density (mean difference: 0.131, p<0.001) had higher {MEI}'s compared to individuals from households without {A}edes. {O}n a similar trend, individuals from households with a low, medium or high indoor {A}edes densities (mean difference: 0.021, p<0.007, 0.053, p<0.0001 and 0.037, p<0.0001 for low, medium and high levels of infestation, respectively) had higher {MEI} than individuals from houses without indoor {A}edes., {T}he {MEI} was driven by individual characteristics, such as gender, age and occupation/behaviors, and varied according to climatic, seasonal factors and vector control intervention (p<0.05). {N}evertheless, the study did not demonstrate a clear correlation between {MEI} and the presence of {DENV}-infected {A}edes. {C}onclusion {T}his study represents an important step toward the validation of the specific {I}g{G} response to the {A}edes salivary peptide {N}term-34k{D}a as a proxy measure for {A}edes infestation levels and human-mosquito exposure risk in a dengue endemic setting. {T}he use of the {I}g{G} response to the {N}term-34 k{D}a peptide as a viable diagnostic tool for estimating dengue transmission requires further investigations and validation in other geographical and transmission settings. {A}uthor summary{A}edes mosquitoes and the viruses they transmit are major public health concerns for over half of the global human population. {H}owever, the quantitative relationships between virus transmission and vector mosquito infestation remain unclear despite numerous indicators used to estimate transmission risk and predict dengue outbreaks. {T}he aim of this study is to investigate the use of a salivary biomarker to assess the small-scale variation in human exposure to {A}edes bites and the risk of dengue infection in the context of a vector control intervention in northeastern {T}hailand. {A} cohort of 539 persons visited every four months, including 161 individuals visited monthly, were recruited for routine serological and concurrent household entomological surveys during 19 consecutive months follow-up. {A}ntibody response to {A}edes bites was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to assess the mosquito exposure index ({MEI}) and association with the {A}edes adult and immature abundance as well as the presence of dengue virus ({DENV}) in adult mosquitoes (transmission risk). {A}dditionally, the individual (cohort), climatic, and vector control intervention risk factors associated with {MEI} are explored. {T}his study demonstrates that the {MEI} was strongly related to household adult {A}edes density, particularly indoors resting mosquitoes. {A}dditionally, the {MEI} was influenced by individual characteristics (i.e., person age, gender, staying indoors), and varied according to seasons and intervention. {N}onetheless, no clear relationship between {MEI} and dengue transmission risk (i.e., vector infection) was detected. {T}his study demonstrated the potential usefulness of the {MEI} to assess heterogeneity in adult {A}edes infestation indices that could assist public health authorities to rapidly identify mosquito "hot spots" and the timeliness of effective vector control interventions.},
  keywords = {{THAILANDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {e0009440 [22 ]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0009440},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082286},
}