@article{fdi:010082251,
  title = {{E}xploring farmers' agrobiodiversity management practices and knowledge in clove agroforests of {M}adagascar},
  author = {{M}ariel, {J}. and {C}arri{\`e}re, {S}t{\'e}phanie {M}. and {P}enot, {E}. and {D}anthu, {P}. and {R}afidison, {V}. and {L}abeyrie, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {1. {I}nteractions between farmers and agrobiodiversity are key drivers of agroeco-systems sustainability and of the resilience of such systems to perturbations, but research into the human/nature interactions have overlooked some important aspects of agrobiodiversity management. {I}n particular, farmers' ecological knowledge of the spatial organisation of plant diversity remains an open question, although knowledge and practices have major implications for the efficient and sustainable use of natural resources. 2. {O}ur study addresses this question by analysing how farmers spatially organise plant species in agroforests based on their knowledge of species interactions and interactions with the environment. {T}he {A}nalanjirofo region on the north-east coast of {M}adagascar provides an interesting context to explore this issue in clove-based agroforests, as these systems were developed by farmers as a sustainable alternative to the traditional system of shifting rice cultivation. 3. {U}sing an emic approach, that is based on the farmers' perspective, and participatory mapping, we studied plant diversity and its spatial organisation in 17 clove-based agroforests and in 28 management sub-units defined by farmers in a village of {V}avatenina district. {T}he plant functions and farmers' knowledge of plant interactions with clove tree were recorded in semi-structured interviews, and the interactions were represented in a cognitive map. 4. {F}armers manage more than 50 plant species associated with diverse functions. {A}nalysis of participatory maps identified four main types of species association as a function of the age of the clove trees and the associated plant diversity, and different spatial organisation patterns as a function of the topography and the surrounding species. {A}nalysis of farmers' knowledge provided valuable insights into spatial organisation practices, how farmers perceive the adaptation of plant species to biophysical heterogeneity of the environment and whether they can be associated with other species. 5. {O}ur findings and methods pave the way for further interdisciplinary research on farmers/nature interactions to support the development of agrobiodiversity-based systems taking into account farmer and scientific knowledge and practices, especially in the tropics where the expansion of cash crops in input-intensive and mono-cropping systems has driven major disruptions to smallholder agriculture.},
  keywords = {adaptation ; agroforestry ; ecological interactions ; emic approach ; ethnobotany ; farmers' strategies ; participatory mapping ; smallholder ; agriculture ; {MADAGASCAR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}eople and {N}ature},
  volume = {3},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {914--928},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1002/pan3.10238},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082251},
}