@article{fdi:010082160,
  title = {{T}oward ecological intensification through the co-production of the floating macrophyte {A}zolla filiculoides and the giant gourami {O}sphronemus goramy {L}acepede (1801) in {I}ndonesian ponds},
  author = {{C}aruso, {D}omenico and {P}ouil, {S}imon and {S}amsudin, {R}. and {S}ihabuddin, {A}. and {S}lembrouck, {J}acques},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he feasibility of the co-culture production of giant gourami {O}sphronemus goramy, an omnivorous with a herbivorous tendency fish, with high economic and patrimonial value in {I}ndonesia, and floating macrophyte {A}zolla filiculoides was tested. {A} three months trial was carried out in an {I}ndonesian small-scale fish farm from {N}ovember 2017 to {F}ebruary 2018. {F}our earthen ponds (from 353 to 482 m(2)) were used. {T}wo ponds were managed as conventional monoculture aquaculture; in the two others, 20% of the pond's surface was dedicated to the production of {A}. filiculoides. {T}he objective of this co-production was to replace partially the commercial pellets with fresh, unprocessed {A}zolla. {A}ll ponds were fertilized with chicken manure and stocked with juveniles of giant gourami (24-34 g) bought in the local live fish market at a density of 6 individuals per m(2) under both management schemes. {P}roduction of {A}zolla was discontinuous, covering only 40 days over 90 days of the production cycle of {G}iant gourami. {A}zollawas harvested every three days producing 571 +/- 359 g m(-2) (mean +/- {SD}) of biomass. {T}his discontinuity might be attributed to insufficient phosphorous ({P}) fertilization and predation by other fish, aquatic snails, and insect larvae. {I}n the co-cultured ponds, a total of 15% of commercial pellets were spared by their replacement with fresh {A}zolla. {T}he specific growth rate ({SGR}) and the fish biomass gain were similar for both systems. {A}zolla did not influence water quality. {B}oth production systems were negative economic net-benefice (-17% for conventional ponds and -4% for co-cultured ponds), mainly because of high costs for seeds and sub-optimal feed performance. {W}e demonstrated that the co-production of {A}. filiculoides did not generate any significant extra cost. {W}e discussed the benefits of ecological intensification with macrophytes in semi-intensive production systems in the tropics.},
  keywords = {{M}acrophytes ; sustainability ; {IMTA} ; small scale aquaculture ; alternative feed ; {INDONESIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}pplied {A}quaculture},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[18 p.]},
  ISSN = {1045-4438},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1080/10454438.2021.1932667},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082160},
}