@article{fdi:010081540,
  title = {{F}armers' resource endowment and risk management affect agricultural practices and innovation capacity in the {N}orthwestern uplands of {C}ambodia},
  author = {{K}ong, {R}. and {C}astella, {J}ean-{C}hristophe},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}ontext: {T}he {N}orthwestern uplands of {C}ambodia underwent a massive land conversion from forest to agriculture over the last 15 years. {O}bjective: {O}ur study conducted in {R}otonak {M}ondol {D}istrict, {B}attambang {P}rovince aimed at understanding farm diversity, trajectory, performance and capacity to innovate in order to identify effective interventions in a rapidly changing pioneer front. {M}ethods: {B}ased on a survey of 365 randomly selected households, we identified 4 main farm types by a combination of {P}rincipal {C}omponent {A}nalysis and {C}luster {A}nalysis. {T}he survey was complemented with detailed analyses of resource use, labor management, economic productivity and adoption of innovative practices on 95 households. {R}esults and conclusions: {T}he livelihood of {P}addy {F}arms (20%) is centered on a rice-cattle combination with off-farm activities and annual upland crop farming providing cash income. {T}he {L}arge {F}arms (20%) specialize in intensive and mechanized upland crops, including orchards. {T}he {S}mall {F}arms (25%) have a diverse activity portfolio including paddy, annual upland crops, and off-farm activities. {T}he livelihood of the {O}ff-{F}arm type (35%) is largely based on low-income off-farm activities. {W}e identified the time of arrival, initial cash and labor, relationship with local authorities, and/or social connections as key factors determining farm structures and livelihoods. {T}his, in turn, determined farm capacities to accumulate resources during the maize boom that occurred in this region between 2006 and 2011. {B}ased on our analysis of farm diversity, we identified interventions suitable to each farm type and opportunities for on-farm innovation through risk buffering mechanisms and strengthening of social organizations. {S}ignificance: {L}ike in other pioneer fronts beyond our case study in {C}ambodia, a reorganization of the agricultural systems is required to support the shift from essentially individualistic behaviors to more concerted actions. {T}he emergence of new institutions, such as farmer groups and cooperatives, can build upon the specific capacity and needs of the different types of farming systems to innovate},
  keywords = {{CAMBODGE} ; {BATTAMBANG}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}gricultural {S}ystems},
  volume = {190},
  numero = {},
  pages = {103067 [14 ]},
  ISSN = {0308-521{X}},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103067},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081540},
}