@article{fdi:010081464,
  title = {{H}ydrogeology of weathered crystalline/hard-rock aquifers-guidelines for the operational survey and management of their groundwater resources [{R}eview]},
  author = {{L}achassagne, {P}atrick and {D}ewandel, {B}. and {W}yns, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{H}ard rocks or crystalline rocks (i.e., plutonic and metamorphic rocks) constitute the basement of all continents, and are particularly exposed at the surface in the large shields of {A}frica, {I}ndia, {N}orth and {S}outh {A}merica, {A}ustralia and {E}urope. {T}hey were, and are still in some cases, exposed to deep weathering processes. {T}he storativity and hydraulic conductivity of hard rocks, and thus their groundwater resources, are controlled by these weathering processes, which created weathering profiles. {H}ard-rock aquifers then develop mainly within the first 100 m below ground surface, within these weathering profiles. {W}here partially or noneroded, these weathering profiles comprise: (1) a capacitive but generally low-permeability unconsolidated layer (the saprolite), located immediately above (2) the permeable stratiform fractured layer ({SFL}). {T}he development of the {SFL}'s fracture network is the consequence of the stress induced by the swelling of some minerals, notably biotite. {T}o a much lesser extent, further weathering, and thus hydraulic conductivity, also develops deeper below the {SFL}, at the periphery of or within preexisting geological discontinuities (joints, dykes, veins, lithological contacts, etc.). {T}he demonstration and recognition of this conceptual model have enabled understanding of the functioning of such aquifers. {M}oreover, this conceptual model has facilitated a comprehensive corpus of applied methodologies in hydrogeology and geology, which are described in this review paper such as water-well siting, mapping hydrogeological potentialities from local to country scale, quantitative management, hydrodynamical modeling, protection of hard-rock groundwater resources (even in thermal and mineral aquifers), computing the drainage discharge of tunnels, quarrying, etc.},
  keywords = {{F}ractured rocks ; {C}rystalline rocks ; {S}aprolite ; {S}tratiform fractured layer ; {A}pplied hydrogeology ; {AFRIQUE} ; {INDE} ; {AMERIQUE} {DU} {NORD} ; {AMERIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {AUSTRALIE} ; {EUROPE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}ydrogeology {J}ournal},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[34 ]},
  ISSN = {1431-2174},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1007/s10040-021-02339-7},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081464},
}