@article{fdi:010081430,
  title = {{PICT} : a low-cost, modular, open-source camera trap system to study plant-insect interactions},
  author = {{D}roissart, {V}incent and {A}zandi, {L}. and {O}nguene, {E}. {R}. and {S}avignac, {M}arie and {S}mith, {T}. {B}. and {D}eblauwe, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}ommercial camera traps ({CT}s) commonly used in wildlife studies have several technical limitations that restrict their scope of application. {T}hey are not easily customizable, unit prices sharply increase with image quality and importantly, they are not designed to record the activity of ectotherms such as insects. {T}hose developed for the study of plant-insect interactions are yet to be widely adopted as they rely on expensive and heavy equipment. {W}e developed {PICT} (plant-insect interactions camera trap), an inexpensive (<100 {USD}) do-it-yourself {CT} system based on a {R}aspberry {P}i {Z}ero computer designed to continuously film animal activity. {T}he system is particularly well suited for the study of pollination, insect behaviour and predator-prey interactions. {T}he focus distance can be manually adjusted to under 5 cm. {I}n low light conditions, a near-infrared light automatically illuminates the subject. {F}rame rate, resolution and video compression levels can be set by the user. {T}he system can be remotely controlled using either a smartphone, tablet or laptop via the onboard {W}i-{F}i. {PICT} can record up to 72-hr day and night videos at >720p resolution with a 110-{W}h power bank (30,000 m{A}h). {I}ts ultra-portable (<1 kg) waterproof design and modular architecture is practical in diverse field settings. {W}e provide an illustrated technical guide detailing the steps involved in building and operating a {PICT} and for video post-processing. {W}e successfully field-tested {PICT} in a {C}entral {A}frican rainforest in two contrasting research settings: an insect pollinator survey in the canopy of the {A}frican ebony {D}iospyros crassiflora and the observation of rare pollination events of an epiphytic orchid {C}yrtorchis letouzeyi. {PICT} overcomes many of the limitations commonly associated with {CT} systems designed to monitor ectotherms. {I}ncreased portability and image quality at lower costs allow for large-scale deployment and the acquisition of novel insights into the reproductive biology of plants and their interactions with difficult to observe animals.},
  keywords = {behavioural ecology ; digital video recording ; {DIY} camera trap ; e-ecology ; low-cost technology ; plant-insect interaction ; pollination biology ; {R}aspberry {P}i},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}ethods in {E}cology and {E}volution},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[8 ]},
  ISSN = {2041-210{X}},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1111/2041-210x.13618},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081430},
}