@article{fdi:010081417,
  title = {{D}oes cancer biology rely on {P}arrondo's principles ?},
  author = {{C}app, {J}. {P}. and {N}edelcu, {A}. {M}. and {D}ujon, {A}. {M}. and {R}oche, {B}enjamin and {C}atania, {F}. and {U}jvari, {B}. and {A}lix-{P}anabi{\`e}res, {C}. and {T}homas, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}imple {S}ummary {P}arrondo's paradox, whereby losing strategies or deleterious effects can combine to provide a winning outcome, has been increasingly applied by biologists to explain complex adaptations in many living systems. {H}ere, we suggest that considering this paradox in oncology, particularly in relation to the phenotypic diversity of malignant cells, could also be a promising approach to understand several puzzling aspects of cancer biology. {F}or example, the high genetic and epigenetic instability of cancer cells, their metastatic behavior and their capacity to enter dormancy could be explained by {P}arrondo's theory. {W}e also discuss the relevance of {P}arrondo's paradox in a therapeutical framework using different examples. {T}his work provides a compelling argument that the traditional separation between medicine and other disciplines remains a fundamental limitation that needs to be overcome if complex processes, such as oncogenesis, are to be completely understood. {M}any aspects of cancer biology remain puzzling, including the proliferative and survival success of malignant cells in spite of their high genetic and epigenetic instability as well as their ability to express migrating phenotypes and/or enter dormancy despite possible fitness loss. {U}nderstanding the potential adaptive value of these phenotypic traits is confounded by the fact that, when considered separately, they seem to be rather detrimental at the cell level, at least in the short term. {H}ere, we argue that cancer's biology and success could frequently be governed by processes underlying {P}arrondo's paradox, whereby combinations of intrinsically losing strategies may result in winning outcomes. {O}ncogenic selection would favor {P}arrondo's dynamics because, given the environmental adversity in which malignant cells emerge and evolve, alternating between various less optimal strategies would represent the sole viable option to counteract the changing and deleterious environments cells are exposed to during tumorigenesis. {W}e suggest that malignant processes could be viewed through this lens, and we discuss how {P}arrondo's principles are also important when designing therapies against cancer.},
  keywords = {cancer ; dormancy ; metastasis ; {P}arrondo's paradox ; therapy},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}ancers},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {2197 [14 ]},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.3390/cancers13092197},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081417},
}