@article{fdi:010081154,
  title = {{D}isparities in particulate matter ({PM}10) origins and oxidative potential at a city scale ({G}renoble, {F}rance) - {P}art 1 : {S}ource apportionment at three neighbouring sites},
  author = {{B}orlaza, {L}. {J}. {S}. and {W}eber, {S}. and {U}zu, {G}a{\¨e}lle and {J}acob, {V}. and {C}anete, {T}. and {M}icallef, {S}. and {T}rebuchon, {C}. and {S}lama, {R}. and {F}avez, {O}. and {J}affrezo, {J}. {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} fine-scale source apportionment of {PM}10 was conducted in three different urban sites (background, hypercenter, and peri-urban) within 15 km of the city in {G}renoble, {F}rance using {P}ositive {M}atrix {F}actorization ({PMF} 5.0) on measured chemical species from collected filters (24 h) from {F}ebruary 2017 to {M}arch 2018. {T}o improve the {PMF} solution, several new organic tracers (3-{MBTCA}, pinic acid, phthalic acid, {MSA}, and cellulose) were additionally used in order to identify sources that are commonly unresolved by classic {PMF} methodologies. {A}n 11-factor solution was obtained in all sites, including commonly identified sources from primary traffic (13 %), nitrate-rich (17 %), sulfate-rich (17 %), industrial (1 %), biomass burning (22 %), aged sea salt (4 %), sea/road salt (3 %), and mineral dust (7 %), and the newly found sources from primary biogenic (4 %), secondary biogenic oxidation (10 %), and {MSA}-rich (3 %). {G}enerally, the chemical species exhibiting similar temporal trends and strong correlations showed uniformly distributed emission sources in the {G}renoble basin. {T}he improved {PMF} model was able to obtain and differentiate chemical profiles of specific sources even at high proximity of receptor locations, confirming its applicability in a fine-scale resolution. {I}n order to test the similarities between the {PMF}-resolved sources, the {P}earson distance and standardized identity distance ({PD}-{SID}) of the factors in each site were compared. {T}he {PD}-{SID} metric determined whether a given source is homogeneous (i.e., with similar chemical profiles) or heterogeneous over the three sites, thereby allowing better discrimination of localized characteristics of specific sources. {O}verall, the addition of the new tracers allowed the identification of substantial sources (especially in the {SOA} fraction) that would not have been identified or possibly mixed with other factors, resulting in an enhanced resolution and sound source profile of urban air quality at a city scale.},
  keywords = {{FRANCE} ; {GRENOBLE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}tmospheric {C}hemistry and {P}hysics},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {5415--5437},
  ISSN = {1680-7316},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.5194/acp-21-5415-2021},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081154},
}