@article{fdi:010081037,
  title = {{E}xperimental and modelling evidence of splash effects on manure borne {E}scherichia coli washoff},
  author = {{M}ugler, {C}. and {R}ibolzi, {O}livier and {V}iguier, {M}arion and {J}aneau, {J}ean-{L}ouis and {J}arde, {E}. and {L}atsachack, {K}. and {H}enry des {T}ureaux, {T}hierry and {T}hammahacksa, {C}. and {V}alentin, {C}hristian and {S}engtaheuanghoung, {O}. and {R}ochelle-{N}ewall, {E}mma},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n tropical montane {S}outh-{E}ast {A}sia, recent changes in land use have induced increased runoff, soil erosion and in-stream suspended sediment loads. {L}and use change is also contributing to increased microbial pathogen dissemination and contamination of stream waters. {E}scherichia coli ({E}. coli) is frequently used as an indicator of faecal contamination. {F}ield rain simulations were conducted to examine how {E}. coli is exported from the surface of upland, agricultural soils during runoff events. {T}he objectives were to characterize the loss dynamics of this indicator from agricultural soils contaminated with livestock waste, and to identify the effect of splash on washoff. {E}xperiments were performed on nine 1 m(2) plots, amended or not with pig or poultry manure. {E}ach plot was divided into two 0.5 m(2) sub-plots. {O}ne of the two sub-plots was protected with a mosquito net for limiting the raindrop impact effects. {R}unoff, soil detachment by raindrop impact and its entrainment by runoff, and {E}. coli loads and discharge were measured for each sub-plot. {T}he results show that raindrop impact strongly enhances runoff generation, soil detachment and entrainment and {E}. coli export. {W}hen the impact of raindrops was reduced with a mosquito net, total runoff was reduced by more than 50%, soil erosion was on average reduced by 90% and {E}. coli export from the amended soil surface was on average 3 to 8 times lower. {A} coupled physics-based approach was performed using the {C}ast3{M} platform for modelling the time evolutions of runoff, solid particles detachment and transfer and bacteria transport that were measured for one of the nine plots. {A}fter estimation of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil erodibility and attachment rate of bacteria, model outputs were consistent with measured runoff coefficients, suspended sediment and {E}. coli loads. {T}his work therefore underlines the need to maintain adequate vegetation at the soil surface to avoid the erosion and export of soil borne potential pathogens towards downstream aquatic systems.},
  keywords = {{F}aecal indicator bacteria ({FIB}) ; {R}aindrop impact ; {R}unoff ; {P}hysics-based modelling ; {T}ropical agro-ecosystems ; {L}ao {PDR} ; {LAOS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental {S}cience and {P}ollution {R}esearch},
  volume = {28},
  numero = {25},
  pages = {33009--33020},
  ISSN = {0944-1344},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1007/s11356-021-13011-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081037},
}