@article{fdi:010080903,
  title = {{S}outhern {O}cean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability},
  author = {{A}uger, {M}. and {M}orrow, {R}. and {K}estenare, {E}lodie and {S}allee, {J}. {B}. and {C}owley, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}espite playing a major role in global ocean heat storage, the {S}outhern {O}cean remains the most sparsely measured region of the global ocean. {H}ere, a unique 25-year temperature time-series of the upper 800m, repeated several times a year across the {S}outhern {O}cean, allows us to document the long-term change within water-masses and how it compares to the interannual variability. {T}hree regions stand out as having strong trends that dominate over interannual variability: warming of the subantarctic waters (0.290.09 degrees {C} per decade); cooling of the near-surface subpolar waters (-0.07 +/- 0.04 degrees {C} per decade); and warming of the subsurface subpolar deep waters (0.04 +/- 0.01 degrees {C} per decade). {A}lthough this subsurface warming of subpolar deep waters is small, it is the most robust long-term trend of our section, being in a region with weak interannual variability. {T}his robust warming is associated with a large shoaling of the maximum temperature core in the subpolar deep water (39 +/- 09m per decade), which has been significantly underestimated by a factor of 3 to 10 in past studies. {W}e find temperature changes of comparable magnitude to those reported in {A}mundsen-{B}ellingshausen {S}eas, which calls for a reconsideration of current ocean changes with important consequences for our understanding of future {A}ntarctic ice-sheet mass loss. {T}he {S}outhern {O}cean takes up the most heat and carbon, yet because of its remote and harsh location, it remains relatively sparsely measured. {H}ere the authors use a 25 year temperature series which shows a clear, long term trend in subsurface warming that emerges from interannual variability.},
  keywords = {{OCEAN} {AUSTRAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}ature {C}ommunications},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {514 [9 p.]},
  ISSN = {2041-1723},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41467-020-20781-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080903},
}