@article{fdi:010080663,
  title = {{S}easonally stable temperature gradients through supraglacial debris in the {E}verest region of {N}epal, {C}entral {H}imalaya},
  author = {{R}owan, {A}. {V}. and {N}icholson, {L}. {I}. and {Q}uincey, {D}. {J}. and {G}ibson, {M}. {J}. and {I}rvine-{F}ynn, {T}. {D}. {L}. and {W}atson, {C}. {S}. and {W}agnon, {P}atrick and {R}ounce, {D}. {R}. and {T}hompson, {S}. {S}. and {P}orter, {P}. {R}. and {G}lasser, {N}. {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}ock debris covers similar to 30% of glacier ablation areas in the {C}entral {H}imalaya and modifies the impact of atmospheric conditions on mass balance. {T}he thermal properties of supraglacial debris are diurnally variable but remain poorly constrained for monsoon-influenced glaciers over the timescale of the ablation season. {W}e measured vertical debris profile temperatures at 12 sites on four glaciers in the {E}verest region with debris thickness ranging from 0.08 to 2.8 m. {T}ypically, the length of the ice ablation season beneath supraglacial debris was 160 days (15 {M}ay to 22 {O}ctober)-a month longer than the monsoon season. {D}ebris temperature gradients were approximately linear (r(2) > 0.83), measured as -40 degrees {C} m(-1) where debris was up to 0.1 m thick, -20 degrees {C} m(-1) for debris 0.1-0.5 m thick, and -4 degrees {C} m(-1) for debris greater than 0.5 m thick. {O}ur results demonstrate that the influence of supraglacial debris on the temperature of the underlying ice surface, and therefore melt, is stable at a seasonal timescale and can be estimated from near-surface temperature. {T}hese results have the potential to greatly improve the representation of ablation in calculations of debris-covered glacier mass balance and projections of their response to climate change.},
  keywords = {{NEPAL} ; {HIMALAYA} ; {EVEREST}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}laciology},
  volume = {67},
  numero = {261},
  pages = {170--181},
  ISSN = {0022-1430},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1017/jog.2020.100},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080663},
}