@article{fdi:010080556,
  title = {{P}erformance of the {HYDRUS}-1{D} model for water balance components assessment of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in semi-arid region of {M}orocco},
  author = {{E}r-{R}aki, {S}. and {E}zzahar, {J}. and {M}erlin, {O}. and {A}mazirh, {A}. and {H}ssaine, {B}. {A}. and {K}harrou, {M}. {H}. and {K}habba, {S}. and {C}hehbouni, {A}bdelghani},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he main goal of this research was to evaluate the potential of the {HYDRUS}-1{D} numerical model for estimating the soil moisture (theta) at different depths, actual crop evapotranspiration ({ET}a) and its components (crop transpiration, {T}a and soil evaporation, {E}a) as well as the deep percolation ({DP}) of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in the semi-arid region of {T}ensift-basin (central {M}orocco). {T}he {HYDRUS}-1{D} simulations were performed at daily time step during the two growing seasons: 2002/2003 and 2015/2016. {T}he model was firstly calibrated based on one field "denoted {F}1" data during the 2002/2003 cropping season by using the {L}evenberg-{M}arquardt method implemented in {HYDRUS}-1{D} model for optimizing various parameters of {V}an {G}enuchten equation that provide the minimum difference between measured and simulated soil moisture at four layers of soil (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50 cm). {A}fterwards, the model validation was done based on the data from four fields of wheat: two fields "denoted {F}2 and {F}3" during the 2002/2003 and two other fields "denoted {F}4 and {F}5" during the 2015/2016 cropping season. {A}ll fields were irrigated with flooding system except the field {F}5 where drip irrigation was undertaken. {I}n-situ measurements of theta was carried out using {T}ime {D}omain {R}eflectometry ({TDR}) and gravimetric method {ET}a was measured by the {E}ddy {C}ovariance system {T}a and {E}a were monitored using a lysimeter in {F}5 field. {T}he results showed that the {HYDRUS}-1{D} model simulates the theta, {ET}a, {T}a and {E}a reasonably well. {A}dditionally, the evaluation of the irrigation system on {DP} losses was investigated by comparing the simulation results over flood ({F}4) and drip ({F}5) irrigated fields. {I}t was found that about 56% and 20% of seasonal supplied water were lost by {DP} in {F}4 and {F}5 sites, respectively. {S}uch unexpected high amount of {DP} taking place in {F}5 field is due to the improper use of the drip irrigation system.},
  keywords = {{HYDRUS}-1{D} ; {E}vapotranspiration ; {E}ddy covariance ; {D}eep percolation ; {W}inter wheat ; {MAROC} ; {ZONE} {SEMIARIDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}gricultural {W}ater {M}anagement},
  volume = {244},
  numero = {},
  pages = {106546 [13 ]},
  ISSN = {0378-3774},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080556},
}