@article{fdi:010079981,
  title = {{N}ew insights into malaria vector bionomics in {L}ao {PDR} : a nationwide entomology survey},
  author = {{M}arcombe, {S}. and {M}aithaviphet, {S}. and {B}obichon, {J}. and {P}hommavan, {N}. and {N}ambanya, {S}. and {C}orbel, {V}incent and {B}rey, {P}. {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {I}n {L}aos, the malaria burden remains high despite a significant reduction of cases during the last decade. {I}n the context of the disease elimination by 2030, a nationwide entomological survey was conducted to better understand the distribution, abundance and behaviour of major malaria vectors ({A}nopheles spp.) in the country. {M}ethods {M}osquito collections were implemented in ten villages from ten provinces during the rainy and dry seasons of 2014 and 2015 by using human landing catch ({HLC}) and cow bait collection ({CBC}) methods. {A}fter morphological identification in the field, molecular identification of the sibling species of {A}nopheles mosquitoes from the {F}unestus, {L}eucosphyrus, and {M}aculatus groups were determined using {PCR} specific alleles. {A} screening of {P}lasmodium falciparum and {P}lasmodium vivax infections in the vectors was carried out by quantitative {PCR} assays. {R}esults {A} total of 14,146 adult mosquitoes representing 25 different {A}nopheles species were collected and morphologically identified. {M}olecular identification revealed the presence of 12 sibling species within the main primary vector groups, including {A}nopheles maculatus, {A}nopheles rampae, {A}nopheles sawadwongporni, {A}nopheles pseudowillmori, {A}nopheles dravidicus, {A}nopheles minimus, {A}nopheles aconitus, {A}nopheles pampanai, {A}nopheles harrisoni, {A}nopheles dirus, {A}nopheles baimaii, {A}nopheles nemophilous. {A}nopheles maculatus and {A}n. minimus were predominant during both the dry and rainy seasons, but showed highly zoophilic preferences ({Z}oophilic index of 98% and 95%, respectively). {O}verall, 22% of the total malaria vectors were collected between 10:00 {PM} and 5:00 {AM} indoors when people are sleeping. {T}wenty-seven percent of primary and secondary vectors were collected outdoors before 10:00 {PM} or after 5:00 {AM}, times when people are usually awake and outdoors. {O}nly two specimens were positive for {P}. falciparum, one {A}n. aconitus from {P}hongsaly and one {A}n. minimus from {V}ientiane {P}rovince {C}onclusions {T}he results indicate that people living in rural areas in {L}aos are constantly exposed to malaria vectors throughout the year and specifically outdoors. {T}he use of {LLIN}s/{IRS} remains important but innovative tools and new strategies are needed to address locally, the early and outdoor malaria transmission. {L}ack of expertise in general entomological methods may further exacerbate the situation.},
  keywords = {{L}aos ; {M}alaria ; {P}rimary and secondary vectors ; {B}iting preferences ; {A}nopheles minimus ; {A}nopheles maculatus ; {A}nopheles dirus ; {P}lasmodium infection ; {LAOS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {396 [17 ]},
  year = {2020},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079981},
}