@article{fdi:010078966,
  title = {{M}ass balance and climate history of a high-altitude glacier, {D}esert {A}ndes of {C}hile},
  author = {{K}innard, {C}. and {G}inot, {P}atrick and {S}urazakov, {A}. and {M}ac{D}onell, {S}. and {N}icholson, {L}. and {P}atris, {N}icolas and {R}abatel, {A}. and {R}ivera, {A}. and {S}queo, {F}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{G}laciers in the dry {C}hilean {A}ndes provide important ecological services, yet their mass balance response to past and ongoing climate change has been little studied. {T}his study examines the recent (2002-2015), historical (1955-2005), and past (<1900) mass balance history of the high-altitude {G}uanaco {G}lacier (29.34 degrees {S}, >5000 m), using a combination of glaciological, geodetic, and ice core observations. {M}ass balance has been predominantly negative since 2002. {A}nalysis of mass balance and meteorological data since 2002 suggests that mass balance is currently mostly sensitive to precipitation variations, while low temperatures, aridity and high solar radiation and wind speeds cause large sublimation losses and limited melting. {M}ass balance reconstructed by geodetic methods shows that {G}uanaco {G}lacier has been losing mass since at least 1955, and that mass loss has increased over time until present. {A}n ice core recovered from the deepest part of the glacier in 2008 revealed that the glacier is cold-based with a -5.5 degrees {C} basal temperature and a warm reversal of the temperature profile above 60-m depth attributed to the recent atmospheric warming trend. {D}etailed stratigraphic and stable isotope analyses of the upper 20 m of the core revealed seasonal cycles in the delta {O}-18 and delta {H}-2 records with periods varying between 0.5 and 3 m. w.e. a(-1). {D}euterium excess values larger than 10 parts per thousand suggest limited post-depositional sublimation, while the presence of numerous refrozen ice layers indicate significant summer melt. {T}ritium concentration in the upper 20 m of the core was very low, while {P}b-210 was undetected, indicating that the glacier surface in 2008 was at least 100 years old. {T}aken together, these results suggest that {G}uanaco {G}lacier formed under drastically different climate conditions than today, with humid conditions causing high accumulation rates, reduced sublimation and increased melting. {R}econstruction of mass balance based on correlations with precipitation and streamflow records show periods of sustained mass gain in the early 20th century and the 1980s, separated by periods of mass loss. {T}he southern migration of the {S}outh {P}acific {S}ubtropical {H}igh over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries is proposed as the main mechanism explaining the progressive precipitation starvation of glaciers in this area.},
  keywords = {glacier mass balance ; geodetic mass balance ; ice core ; dry {A}ndes ; climate change ; stable isotopes ; sublimation ; drought ; {CHILI} ; {ANDES}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {E}arth {S}cience},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {},
  pages = {40 [20 ]},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.3389/feart.2020.00040},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078966},
}