%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Barhoumi, B.
%A Tedetti, Marc
%A Peris, A.
%A Guigue, C.
%A Aznar-Alemany, O.
%A Touil, S.
%A Driss, M. R.
%A Eljarrat, E.
%T Halogenated flame retardants in atmospheric particles from a North African coastal city (Bizerte, Tunisia) : pollution characteristics and human exposure
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078875
%G ENG
%J Atmospheric Pollution Research
%@ 1309-1042
%K Atmospheric particles ; North Africa ; Halogenated flame retardants ; Methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers ; Dry deposition ; Human exposure
%K TUNISIE ; BIZERTE
%M ISI:000520028700020
%N 4
%P 10 ]
%R 10.1016/j.apr.2020.01.011
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078875
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2020/04/010078875.pdf
%V 11
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X In the present study, atmospheric particle samples were collected between September 2015 and February 2016 from Bizerte city (Tunisia) to investigate the occurrence, potential sources and impacts of a range of flame retardants (FRs), including hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (HBCDDs), new halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs), as well as methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). Among 19 examined compounds, 9 congeners (alpha-HBCDD, beta-HBCDD, gamma-HBCDD, HBB, DBDPE, syn-DP, anti-DP, 2'-MeO-BDE-68 and 6-MeO-BDE-47) were detected in atmospheric particles at different levels and frequencies. Overall, the average concentration of NHFRs (1.53 pg m(-3)) was 1.5 and 51 folds higher than that of HBCDDs (1.04 pg m(-3)) and MeO-BDEs (0.03 pg m(-3)), respectively. By comparison with other areas of the world, NHFRs and HBCDDs in Bizerte were at medium pollution level, while MeO-BDEs were at lower levels. No significant correlations were found between NHFR, HBCDD and MeO-BDE concentrations, suggesting different sources related on one hand to the biogenic origin of MeO-BDE, and on the other hand to various types and utilisations of imported NHFR- and HBCDD-containing products, as Tunisia does not manufacture FRs. DP and HBCDD diastereoisomer profiles appeared to be divergent from their commercial products, pointing out that a complex degradation or stereoselective transformation processes occurring in ambient air around Bizerte city. The estimated daily human exposure dose (DED) to particle-bound HBCDDs, NHFRs and MeO-BDEs via outdoor air inhalation was generally at low levels. Hence, this study reports for the first time the occurrence and potential impact of HBCDDs, NHFRs and MeO-BDEs in atmospheric particles from North Africa.
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