@article{fdi:010077865,
  title = {{W}here are we with human lice ? {A} review of the current state of knowledge},
  author = {{A}manzougaghene, {N}. and {F}enollar, {F}. and {R}aoult, {D}. and {M}ediannikov, {O}leg},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}ediculus humanus is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of human that includes two ecotypes, head louse and body louse, which differ slightly in morphology and biology, but have distinct ecologies. {P}hylogenetically, they are classified on six mitochondrial clades ({A}, {B}, {C}, {D}, {E}, and {F}), head louse encompasses the full genetic diversity of clades, while body louse belongs to clades {A} and {D}. {R}ecent studies suggested that not only body louse, but also head louse can transmit disease, which warrants greater attention as a serious public health problem. {T}he recent sequencing of body louse genome confirmed that {P}. humanus has the smallest genome of any hemimetabolous insect reported to date, and also revealed numerous interesting characteristics in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. {T}he transcriptome analyses showed that body and head lice were almost genetically identical. {I}ndeed, the phenotypic flexibility associated with the emergence of body lice, is probably a result of regulatory changes, perhaps epigenetic in origin, triggered by environmental signals. {C}urrent lice control strategies have proven unsuccessful. {F}or instance, ivermectin represents a relatively new and very promising pediculicide. {H}owever, ivermectin resistance in the field has begun to be reported. {T}herefore, novel opportunities for pest control strategies are needed. {O}ur objective here is to review the current state of knowledge on the biology, epidemiology, phylogeny, disease-vector and control of this fascinating and very intimate human parasite.},
  keywords = {{P}ediculus humanus ; biology ; epidemiology ; phylogeny ; disease-vector ; control},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {C}ellular and {I}nfection {M}icrobiology},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 474 [16 ]},
  ISSN = {2235-2988},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.3389/fcimb.2019.00474},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077865},
}