@incollection{fdi:010077649,
  title = {{H}uman population variability and its adaptive significance},
  author = {{T}ibayrenc, {M}ichel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}ecent technological advances (high-throughput whole genome sequencing, megainformatics) have made it possible to confirm the results of pioneering studies relying on classical markers, with much more refinement. {W}hen neutral common genetic variation is considered, most parts of the genetic diversity is observed within rather than between human geographical populations. {H}owever, the fact that genetic markers are correlated and not independent makes it possible to evidence a few major continental groups ({A}frica, {E}urope, {A}sia, {O}ceania, the {A}mericas), which are not strictly separated and exhibit various intermediary populations; the much higher resolution power of modern markers evidences fine stratifications within each of the main continental groups ('{R}ussian doll pattern'); modern genomics shows that most genetic variants in human populations have low or rare frequencies, and tend to be geographically restricted. {M}any convergent data strongly suggest that human evolution has not stopped with the advent of modern humans some 40,000-50,000 years ago, contrary to what was classically believed. {E}volution and adaptations have instead been abundant and geographically centered in recent times and may still be going on at present. {L}astly, admixture with archaic humans ({N}eanderthals and {D}enisovans) seems to have played a major role in the local adaptation of non-{A}frican populations.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {{O}n human nature : biology, psychology, ethics, politics, and religion},
  numero = {},
  pages = {85--109},
  address = {{L}ondres ({GBR}) ; {S}an {D}iego},
  publisher = {{E}lsevier},
  series = {},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/{B}978-0-12-420190-3.00006-5},
  ISBN = {978-0-12-420190-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077649},
}