@article{fdi:010077503,
  title = {{A} conceptual model for groundwater circulation using isotopes and geochemical tracers coupled with hydrodynamics : a case study of the {L}ez karst system, {F}rance},
  author = {{B}icalho, {C}. {C}. and {B}atiot-{G}uilhe, {C}. and {T}aupin, {J}ean-{D}enis and {P}atris, {N}icolas and {V}an {E}xter, {S}. and {J}ourde, {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{G}eochemical and isotopic tracers (delta {O}-18, delta {H}-2, {S}r-87/{S}r-86 and delta {C}-13({TDIC})) were used to constrain origins and chemical evolution of groundwater in a {M}editerranean karst system. {T}he {L}ez spring is the main perennial outlet of this karst system and supplies the metropolitan area of {M}ontpellier (southern {F}rance) with drinking water. {G}roundwater samples were collected at the {L}ez spring and surrounding springs and wells under different hydrodynamic conditions during two hydrological years, from {J}une 2008 until {M}ay 2010. {T}he results show that multiple hydrological compartments interact through an important network of fractures and faults. {T}hey notably reveal connections between the main {J}urassic limestone aquifer and the overlying {C}retaceous ({V}alanginian) compartment, and between the surface and deep levels of the karst system. {I}sotopic tracers provided information about atmospheric recharge origins, lithological signatures and chemical evolution of waters. {L}ong residence-time groundwaters, issued from deep layers have a {T}riassic hydrochemical fingerprinting, being enriched in delta {C}-13({TDIC}) and characterized by high concentrations in {C}l- as well as high {S}r/{C}a, {M}g/{C}a and {S}r-87/{S}r-86 ratios. {E}vidences suggest that these waters mix with waters from the lower layers of the main {J}urassic aquifer constitute an intermediate storage compartment prone to rise through piston-flow mechanism. {A} two-end member hydrograph separation based on {EC}-{TDS} was used to determine the proportion of the deep compartments contribution to the {L}ez spring outflow. {O}n average over the study period, the main aquifer compartment and the deep aquifer compartment are estimated to contribute 92.6% and 7.4% of groundwater flow at the {L}ez spring, respectively.},
  keywords = {{H}ydrogeology ; {K}arst ; {H}ydrochemistry ; {N}atural tracing ; {I}sotopes ; {H}ydrograph separation ; {FRANCE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology},
  volume = {528},
  numero = {},
  pages = {118442 [17 ]},
  ISSN = {0009-2541},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.08.014},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077503},
}