@article{fdi:010077300,
  title = {{N}itrogen supply reduces the earthworm-silicon control on rice blast disease in a {F}erralsol},
  author = {{B}lanchart, {E}ric and {R}atsiatosika, {O}. and {R}aveloson, {H}. and {R}azafimbelo, {T}. and {R}azafindrakoto, {M}. and {S}ester, {M}. and {B}ecquer, {T}hierry and {B}ernard, {L}aetitia and {T}rap, {J}ean},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}evealing belowground-aboveground relationships ({BAR}) is essential to drive ecological processes to address agriculture dysfunctions, especially in the management of aboveground plant diseases. {E}arthworms are one of the most important soil organisms involved in {BAR}, and silicon ({S}i) has been identified as a crucial element regulating aboveground plant health. {H}ow earthworm-{S}i interactions induce {BAR} in poor- and rich-nutrient soil contexts is still poorly understood, despite a growing interest in agricultural sustainability. {W}e investigated the potential of {BAR} induced by the earthworm-silicon interaction to control the severity of rice blast disease in a {F}erralsol in {M}adagascar, with or without {NPK} fertilization. {W}e conducted a greenhouse microcosm experiment in which we manipulated the presence of the endogeic earthworm {P}ontoscolex corethrurus and the fungus {P}yricularia oryzae in a {F}erralsol supplied or not with {S}i and fertilized with macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, i.e., {NPK}). {A}fter eight weeks of growth, plant biomass, nutrition and disease severity were measured. {O}ur results validated the hypothesis that a dual treatment of earthworm inoculation and {S}i fertilization in a nutrient-poor tropical soil confers a higher tolerance of rainfed rice to {P}. oryzae, in comparison with treatments with only earthworms or {S}i, providing the optimal agronomic balance between a gain in biomass (and nutrition) and a reduction in disease severity. {T}he supply of macronutrients altered this positive {BAR} by favouring the phenomenon of {N}-induced susceptibility. {T}he aboveground plant {C}:{N} ratio of 15 is a threshold below which any increase in {N} per {C} unit likely enhances blast disease. {T}he role of belowground interactions to counteract agricultural dysfunctions is supported by our study. {T}o accomplish ecological intensification and provision of ecosystem services such as disease regulation, our findings recommend replacing excessive use of macronutrient fertilizer with sustained agricultural practices promoting the development of earthworm populations, such as organic matter inputs, superficial or no tillage, and the use of cover crops or conservation agriculture.},
  keywords = {{B}elowground-aboveground relationships ; {D}isease severity ; {P}lant nutrition ; {P}ontoscolex corethrurus ; {P}yricularia oryzae ; {M}adagascar ; {MADAGASCAR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}pplied {S}oil {E}cology},
  volume = {145},
  numero = {},
  pages = {103341 [8 ]},
  ISSN = {0929-1393},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.08.003},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077300},
}