@article{fdi:010077208,
  title = {{F}rom land and sea, long-term data reveal persistent humpback whale ({M}egaptera novaeangliae) breeding habitat in {N}ew {C}aledonia},
  author = {{D}erville, {S}. and {T}orres, {L}. {G}. and {D}od{\'e}mont, {R}. and {P}erard, {V}. and {G}arrigue, {C}laire},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}ong-term monitoring is a prerequisite to understanding and protecting long-lived species such as cetaceans. {I}n {N}ew {C}aledonia, {S}outh {P}acific, an endangered sub-population of humpback whales ({M}egaptera novaeangliae) seasonally congregates for mating and nursing during the austral winter. {F}or more than two decades, dedicated surveys have been conducted at sea and from land to monitor humpback whale presence in a coastal breeding site, the {S}outh {L}agoon. {M}ethods were developed to investigate space use patterns and their temporal variations over the long term using a joint dataset of boat-based and land-based observations (1995-2017). {A} total of 2651 humpback whale groups were observed, including 1167 from land and 1484 at sea (of which 30% were initially detected by the land-based observers). {H}umpback whales displayed a persistent space use pattern over this 23 year period, consistent social composition over the years, and an increase in the group encounter rates from land and at sea. {T}he core area of use by humpback whales was characterized in the austral winter by stable and relatively low sea surface temperature (22 degrees {C}). {W}hales consistently occupied nearshore waters from 10 to 200 m deep and open to the ocean. {W}aters surrounded by dense coral reefs were avoided. {A}lthough humpback whale distribution patterns were persistent and occurrence was found to increase over two decades, a mismatch between humpback whale critical habitat and marine protected areas was revealed. {I}n the context of growing anthropogenic pressure from tourism and industrial development, these findings should be incorporated into local management efforts to protect the endangered {O}ceania humpback whale in one of its main breeding sites.},
  keywords = {coastal ; habitat mapping ; lagoon ; mammals ; monitoring ; recovery ; recreation ; shipping ; {NOUVELLE} {CALEDONIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}quatic {C}onservation-{M}arine and {F}reshwater {E}cosystems},
  volume = {29},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {1697--1711},
  ISSN = {1052-7613},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1002/aqc.3127},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077208},
}