@article{fdi:010076541,
  title = {{SMART} {C}ables for observing the global ocean : science and implementation},
  author = {{H}owe, {B}. {M}. and {A}rbic, {B}. {K}. and {A}ucan, {J}er{\^o}me and {B}arnes, {C}. {R}. and {B}ayliff, {N}. and {B}ecker, {N}. and {B}utler, {R}. and {D}oyle, {L}. and {E}lipot, {S}. and {J}ohnson, {G}. {C}. and {L}anderer, {F}. and {L}entz, {S}. and {L}uther, {D}. {S}. and {M}uller, {M}. and {M}ariano, {J}. and {P}anayotou, {K}. and {R}owe, {C}. and {O}ta, {H}. and {S}ong, {Y}. {T}. and {T}homas, {M}. and {T}homas, {P}. {N}. and {T}hompson, {P}. and {T}ilmann, {F}. and {W}eber, {T}. and {W}einstein, {S}. and {J}oint {T}ask {F}orce for {SMART} {C}ables,},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he ocean is key to understanding societal threats including climate change, sea level rise, ocean warming, tsunamis, and earthquakes. {B}ecause the ocean is difficult and costly to monitor, we lack fundamental data needed to adequately model, understand, and address these threats. {O}ne solution is to integrate sensors into future undersea telecommunications cables. {T}his is the mission of the {SMART} subsea cables initiative ({S}cience {M}onitoring {A}nd {R}eliable {T}elecommunications). {SMART} sensors would "piggyback" on the power and communications infrastructure of a million kilometers of undersea fiber optic cable and thousands of repeaters, creating the potential for seafloor-based global ocean observing at a modest incremental cost. {I}nitial sensors would measure temperature, pressure, and seismic acceleration. {T}he resulting data would address two critical scientific and societal issues: the long-term need for sustained climate-quality data from the under-sampled ocean (e.g., deep ocean temperature, sea level, and circulation), and the near-term need for improvements to global tsunami warning networks. {A} {J}oint {T}ask {F}orce ({JTF}) led by three {UN} agencies ({ITU}/{WMO}/{UNESCO}-{IOC}) is working to bring this initiative to fruition. {T}his paper explores the ocean science and early warning improvements available from {SMART} cable data, and the societal, technological, and financial elements of realizing such a global network. {S}imulations show that deep ocean temperature and pressure measurements can improve estimates of ocean circulation and heat content, and cable-based pressure and seismic-acceleration sensors can improve tsunami warning times and earthquake parameters. {T}he technology of integrating these sensors into fiber optic cables is discussed, addressing sea and land-based elements plus delivery of real-time open data products to end users. {T}he science and business case for {SMART} cables is evaluated. {SMART} cables have been endorsed by major ocean science organizations, and {JTF} is working with cable suppliers and sponsors, multilateral development banks and end users to incorporate {SMART} capabilities into future cable projects. {B}y investing now, we can build up a global ocean network of long-lived {SMART} cable sensors, creating a transformative addition to the {G}lobal {O}cean {O}bserving {S}ystem.},
  keywords = {ocean circulation ; ocean cabled observatories ; submarine ; telecommunications cables ; tsunami early warning ; ocean observing ; {UN} {J}oint {T}ask {F}orce ; {SMART} subsea cables ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 424 [27 p.]},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00424},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076541},
}