@article{fdi:010075546,
  title = {{I}dentification and characterization of {A}nopheles spp. breeding habitats in the {K}orhogo area in northern {C}ote d'{I}voire : a study prior to a {B}ti-based larviciding intervention},
  author = {{Z}ogo, {B}. and {K}offi, {A}. {A}. and {A}lou, {L}. {P}. {A}. and {F}ournet, {F}lorence and {D}ahounto, {A}. and {D}abire, {R}. {K}. and {B}aba-{M}oussa, {L}. and {M}oiroux, {N}icolas and {P}ennetier, {C}{\'e}dric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground{A}lthough larviciding may be a valuable tool to supplement long-lasting insecticide nets ({LLIN}s) in {W}est {A}frica in different ecological settings, its actual impact on malaria burden andtransmission has yet to be demonstrated. {A} randomized controlled trial was therefore undertaken to assess the effectiveness of larviciding using {B}acillus thuringiensis israeliensis ({B}ti) in addition to the use of {LLIN}s. {I}n order to optimally implement such a larviciding intervention, we first aimed to identify and to characterize the breeding habitats of {A}nopheles spp. in the entire study area located in the vicinity of {K}orhogo in northern {C}ote d'{I}voire.{M}ethods{W}e conducted two surveys during the rainy and the dry season, respectively, in the thirty villages around {K}orhogo involved in the study. {I}n each survey, water bodies located within a 2 km radius around each village were identified and assessed for the presence of mosquito larvae. {W}e morphologically identified the larvae to the genus level and we characterized all of the habitats positive for {A}nopheles spp. larvae based on a predefined set of criteria.{R}esults{O}verall, 620 and 188 water bodies positive for {A}nopheles spp. larvae were sampled in the rainy and the dry season, respectively. {A} broad range of habitat types were identified. {R}ice paddies accounted for 61% and 57% of the habitats encountered in the rainy and the dry season, respectively. {I}n the rainy season, edges of rivers and streams (12%) were the second most abundant habitats for {A}nopheles spp. larvae. {M}ore than 90% of the {A}nopheles spp. breeding habitats were surrounded by green areas. {D}ams, ponds and drains produced higher numbers of {A}nopheles spp. larvae per square meter than rice paddies ({RR}=1.51; 95% {CI}: 1.18-1.94; {P}=0.0010). {T}he density of {A}nopheles spp. larvae was significantly higher in habitats surrounded by low-density housing ({RR}=4.81; 95% {CI}: 1.84-12.60; {P}=0.0014) and green areas ({RR}=3.96; 95% {CI}: 1.92-8.16; {P}=0.0002] than habitats surrounded by high-density housing. {T}urbid water [{RR}=1.42 (95% {CI}: 1.15-1.76; {P}=0.0012) was associated with higher densities of {A}nopheles spp. larvae. {T}he likelihood of finding mosquito pupae in {A}nopheles spp. breeding habitats was higher in the dry season ({OR}=5.92; 95% {CI}: 2.11-16.63; {P}=0.0007) than in the rainy season.{C}onclusions{R}ice paddies represented the most frequent habitat type for {A}nopheles spp. larvae in the {K}orhogo area during both the rainy and the dry seasons. {A}nopheles spp. breeding habitats covered a very large and dynamic area in the rainy season whereas they were fewer in number in the dry season. {I}n this context, implementing a larviciding strategy from the end of the rainy season to the dry season is presumably the most cost-effective strategy.},
  keywords = {{M}alaria ; {L}arvae ; {R}ice ; {L}arviciding ; {R}andomized controlled trial ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {},
  pages = {146 [10 ]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-019-3404-0},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075546},
}