@article{fdi:010075543,
  title = {{U}nraveling the hydrological budget of isolated and seasonally contrasted subtropical lakes},
  author = {{P}oulin, {C}. and {H}amelin, {B}. and {V}allet-{C}oulomb, {C}. and {A}mngar, {G}. and {L}oukman, {B}. and {C}retaux, {J}. {F}. and {D}oumnang, {J}. {C}. and {N}our, {A}. {M}. and {M}enot, {G}. and {S}ylvestre, {F}lorence and {D}eschamps, {P}ierre},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}omplete understanding of the hydrological functioning of large-scale intertropical watersheds such as the {L}ake {C}had basin is becoming a high priority in the context of climate change in the near future and increasing demographic pressure. {T}his requires integrated studies of all surface water and groundwater bodies and of their quite-complex interconnections. {W}e present here a simple method for estimating the annual mean water balance of sub-{S}ahelian lakes subject to high seasonal contrast and located in isolated regions with no road access during the rainy season, a situation which precludes continuous monitoring of in situ hydrological data. {O}ur study focuses for the first time on two lakes, {I}ro and {F}itri, located in the eastern basin of {L}ake {C}had. {W}e also test the approach on {L}ake {I}hotry in {M}adagascar, used as a benchmark site that has previously been extensively studied by our group. {W}e combine the delta {O}-18 and delta {H}-2 data that we measured during the dry season with altimetry data from the {SARAL} satellite mission in order to model the seasonal variation of lake volume and isotopic composition. {T}he annual water budget is then estimated from mass balance equations using the {C}raig-{G}ordon model for evaporation. {W}e first show that the closedsystem behavior of {L}ake {I}hotry (i.e., precipitation equal to evaporation) is well simulated by the model. {F}or lakes {I}ro and {F}itri, we calculate evaporation to influx ratios ({E}/{I}) of 0.6 +/- 0.3 and 0.4 +/- 0.2, respectively. {I}n the case of the endorheic {L}ake {F}itri, the estimated output flux corresponds to the infiltration of surface water toward the surface aquifer that regulates the chemistry of the lake. {T}hese results constitute a first-order assessment of the water budget of these lakes, in regions where direct hydrological and meteorological observations are very scarce or altogether lacking. {F}inally, we discuss the implications of our data on the hydro-climatic budget at the scale of the catchment basins. {W}e observe that the local evaporation lines ({LEL}s) obtained on both lake and aquifer systems are slightly offset from the average rainfall isotopic composition monitored by {IAEA} at {N}'{D}jamena ({C}had), and we show that this difference may reflect the impact of vegetation transpiration on the basin water budget. {B}ased on the discussion of the mass balance budget we conclude that, while being broadly consistent with the idea that transpiration is on the same order of magnitude as evaporation in those basins, we cannot derive a more precise estimate of the partition between these two fluxes, owing to the large uncertainties of the different end-members in the budget equations.},
  keywords = {{TCHAD} ; {TCHAD} {LAC} {BASSIN} ; {IRO} {LAC} ; {FITRI} {LAC} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {IHOTRY} {LAC} ; {ZONE} {SAHELIENNE} ; {ZONE} {SOUDANOSAHELINNE} ; {ZONE} {SEMIARIDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}ydrology and {E}arth {S}ystem {S}ciences},
  volume = {23},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {1705--1724},
  ISSN = {1027-5606},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.5194/hess-23-1705-2019},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075543},
}