@article{fdi:010075541,
  title = {{T}ropical {P}acific {O}bserving {S}ystem},
  author = {{S}mith, {N}. and {K}essler, {W}. {S}. and {C}ravatte, {S}ophie and {S}printall, {J}. and {W}ijffels, {S}. and {C}ronin, {M}. {F}. and {S}utton, {A}. and {S}erra, {Y}. {L}. and {D}ewitte, {B}oris and {S}trutton, {P}. {G}. and {H}ill, {K}. and {S}en {G}upta, {A}. and {L}in, {X}. {P}. and {T}akahashi, {K}. and {C}hen, {D}. {K}. and {B}runner, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his paper reviews the design of the {T}ropical {P}acific {O}bserving {S}ystem ({TPOS}) and its governance and takes a forward look at prospective change. {T}he initial findings of the {TPOS} 2020 {P}roject embrace new strategic approaches and technologies in a user-driven design and the variable focus of the {F}ramework for {O}cean {O}bserving. {U}ser requirements arise from climate prediction and research, climate change and the climate record, and coupled modelingand data assimilation more generally. {R}equirements include focus on the upper ocean and air-sea interactions, sampling of diurnal variations, finer spatial scales and emerging demands related to biogeochemistry and ecosystems. {O}ne aim is to sample a diversity of climatic regimes in addition to the equatorial zone. {T}he status and outlook for meeting the requirements of the design are discussed. {T}his is accomplished through integrated and complementary capabilities of networks, including satellites, moorings, profiling floats and autonomous vehicles. {E}merging technologies and methods are also discussed. {T}he outlook highlights a few new foci of the design: biogeochemistry and ecosystems, low-latitude western boundary currents and the eastern {P}acific. {L}ow latitude western boundary currents are conduits of tropical-subtropical interactions, supplying waters of mid to high latitude origin to the western equatorial {P}acific and into the {I}ndonesian {T}hroughflow. {T}hey are an essential part of the recharge/discharge of equatorial warm water volume at interannual timescales and play crucial roles in climate variability on regional and global scales. {T}he tropical eastern {P}acific, where extreme {E}l {N}ino events develop, requires tailored approaches owing to the complex of processes at work there involving coastal upwelling, and equatorial cold tongue dynamics, the oxygen minimum zone and the seasonal double {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence {Z}one. {A} pilot program building on existing networks is envisaged, complemented by a process study of the {E}ast {P}acific {ITCZ}/warmpool/cold tongue/stratus coupled system. {T}he sustainability of {TPOS} depends on effective and strong collaborative partnerships and governance arrangements. {R}evisiting regional mechanisms and engaging new partners in the context of a planned and systematic design will ensure a multi-purpose, multi-faceted integrated approach that is sustainable and responsive to changing needs.},
  keywords = {ocean observing ; tropical {P}acific ; {TPOS} 2020 ; user requirements ; variable requirements ; design ; tropical moorings ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 31 [26 p.]},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00031},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075541},
}